{"main_topic":"census","sub_topic":"acs","topic":"disability_by_type","key":"census/acs/disability_by_type","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2020,"year_max":2024,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"census/disability_by_type/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","district_code","tract_geoid","demographic","disability_type","age_bracket"],"title":"Disability by Type (ACS)","summary":"The share of people with hearing, vision, cognitive, walking, self-care or independent-living difficulty in each Georgia community, by sex and age - ACS 5-year estimates.","description":"People with each of the six ACS disability types - hearing, vision, cognitive, ambulatory, self-care and independent-living difficulty - by sex and age, from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates (detailed tables B18102-B18107; both-sexes figures carry the Census's own published margins, from subject table S1810 and the B-table totals), for Georgia at state, county, school district, and census tract geography, vintages 2020-2024: the share of each group with the difficulty, with the underlying counts and 90 percent margins of error. The types overlap and never add up.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["hearing loss","deaf","vision impairment","blind","difficulty walking","mobility limitations","cognitive disability","independent living","self-care difficulty","types of disability"],"es":["discapacidad auditiva","sordera","discapacidad visual","ceguera","dificultad para caminar","movilidad reducida","discapacidad cognitiva","vida independiente","cuidado personal","tipos de discapacidad"]},"source":"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (tables B18102-B18107 and S1810)","source_url":"https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2024.B18102?g=040XX00US13","endpoint":"/api/v1/census/disability_by_type","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"ACS 5-year vintage END year: 2024 covers the pooled 2020-2024 survey period. Consecutive vintages overlap.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (state 13 + county). Populated only on county-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":true,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"GCD school district code (FK to the education districts dimension). Populated only on district-level rows - Census unified-school-district estimates mapped onto the ~180 standard districts.","valid_values":null,"example":"660","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"11-digit census tract GEOID (2020 boundaries). Populated only on tract-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121011100","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"Sex (female, male); 'all' = everyone.","description":"Sex as the ACS records it (FK to the demographics dimension): 'male' or 'female' (the B-table sex blocks); 'all' = both sexes, their exact sum.","valid_values":["all","female","male"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"disability_type","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Disability Type","short_description":"Which difficulty; types overlap, so never add them - pick one.","description":"The ACS difficulty question: 'hearing' (deaf or serious difficulty hearing; B18102), 'vision' (blind or serious difficulty seeing even with glasses; B18103), 'cognitive' (serious difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decisions; B18104; ages 5+), 'ambulatory' (serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; B18105; 5+), 'self_care' (difficulty dressing or bathing; B18106; 5+), 'independent_living' (difficulty doing errands alone; B18107; 18+). The types OVERLAP - one person can report several - so counts never add across this column, and there is no 'all' value (people with any disability: census/acs/disability_status).","valid_values":["ambulatory","cognitive","hearing","independent_living","self_care","vision"],"example":"ambulatory","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"age_bracket","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Age Bracket","short_description":"Age band; 'all' = every age the type covers.","description":"Age band from the B-table cells: under_5, 5_17, 18_34, 35_64, 65_74, 75_plus (mutually exclusive; they sum exactly to 'all'). 'all' = every age the type's question covers: all ages for hearing and vision, 5 and over for cognitive, ambulatory and self_care, 18 and over for independent_living. A type has no row for a band below its floor.","valid_values":["18_34","35_64","5_17","65_74","75_plus","all","under_5"],"example":"65_74","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"difficulty_rate","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Difficulty Rate","short_description":"Share of the group with this difficulty.","description":"People with the difficulty as a share of the group's civilian noninstitutionalized population (0-1), derived as num_with_difficulty / num_population. On demographic 'all' rows it equals S1810's published percent to its 0.1-point rounding (asserted). NULL when the group's universe estimate is 0 in the geography: no one in the group was sampled there, which is not proof there are none (and not suppression).","valid_values":null,"example":0.0669,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL when the group's universe estimate is 0 in the geography: no one in the group was sampled there, which is not proof there are none (and not suppression).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"difficulty_rate_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Difficulty Rate Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for difficulty_rate. demographic 'all' rows: the Census's published S1810 margin (percent / 100, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; the Census caps it at 100 points, so a universe of about 12 people or fewer carries 1.0 there, served as published). male/female rows: derived from the served count margins with the Census ratio formula (subtraction form, addition-form fallback whenever the radicand is not positive); a rate of exactly 0 or 1 takes the Census's own model margin, 1.645 * sqrt(R * (1 - R) * AW / N) with R = min(2.3 * AW / N, 0.5), N the universe and AW Georgia's average survey weight for the vintage (18 in 2020, 19 in 2021-2024). Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No margin: the rate is NULL (zero universe), or on a male or female row the derived margin exceeded 1.0 (degenerate small-sample cell; a 0 or 100 percent rate's model margin exceeds 1.0 only on a universe of 12 people or fewer).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_with_difficulty","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number with Difficulty","short_description":"","description":"People in the group with the difficulty (ACS estimate) - the rate's numerator. A published B-table cell on male/female x age-band rows; otherwise the exact sum of those cells (on demographic 'all' rows it equals S1810's published count, asserted).","valid_values":null,"example":676576,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"numerator"},{"name":"num_with_difficulty_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number with Difficulty Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_with_difficulty: the published B-table margin on male/female x age-band rows; S1810's published margin on demographic 'all' rows; on male/female x age_bracket 'all' rows (summed over age bands, not published) the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation with the zero-estimate rule (non-integer; conservative).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"The source published no margin (annotation sentinel).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_population","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Population","short_description":"","description":"The group's civilian noninstitutionalized population that the type's question covers - the rate's denominator: the age band's population, or on age_bracket 'all' all ages (hearing, vision), 5 and over (cognitive, ambulatory, self_care) or 18 and over (independent_living). A published B-table cell, except demographic 'all' x one age band (male + female cells, equal to S1810's published universe, asserted).","valid_values":null,"example":10110238,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"denominator"},{"name":"num_population_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Population Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_population, as published: the B-table cell's margin, or S1810's margin on demographic 'all' x one age band.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"The source published no margin (annotation sentinel).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"difficulty_rate","numeric_filter_columns":["difficulty_rate","difficulty_rate_moe","num_with_difficulty","num_with_difficulty_moe","num_population","num_population_moe"],"usage":"Star-schema fact table. Join the districts dimension on district_code; the counties dimension on county_fips; the tracts dimension on tract_geoid; the demographics dimension on demographic. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"The six difficulty types overlap - one person can report several - so counts never add across disability_type (people with any disability: census/acs/disability_status). Universes differ by type: hearing and vision cover all ages, cognitive, ambulatory and self_care ages 5 and over, independent_living 18 and over, so age_bracket 'all' rates compare different populations across types; compare a type across places or an age band across types. The universe is the civilian noninstitutionalized population: nursing-home, prison and other institutional residents, and active-duty military, are excluded. Difficulties are self-reported (or reported by a household respondent) functional limitations from six survey questions - not a diagnosis, a benefit determination, or the school 'students with disabilities' (IDEA) count. A NULL difficulty_rate means the group's universe estimate is 0 in the geography: no one in the group was sampled there, which is not proof there are none (and not suppression). Margins: on demographic 'all' rows every margin is the Census's own published margin - subject table S1810's for the with-difficulty count, the rate and each age band's universe, and the B-table total cell's for the all-ages universe (S1810 publishes none there); the transform asserts S1810's counts equal the B18102-B18107 sums and its rounded percent equals the derived rate; rate margins there are rounded to 0.1 percentage point. Male and female rows carry the published B-table cell margins, except the all-ages with-difficulty count, summed over age bands, whose margin is the sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation (conservative); their rate margins are derived with the Census ratio formula (a 0 or 100 percent rate takes the Census's own model margin), and a degenerate small-sample margin above 1.0 is set to NULL. ACS 5-year period estimates: the year column is the vintage END year and each estimate pools five years of survey responses (2024 = 2020-2024). Consecutive vintages share about 80% of their sample, so the series is heavily smoothed - never difference overlapping vintages as if they were annual change. Estimates are survey-based and carry 90% margins of error (the *_moe columns); tract-level margins can be large relative to the estimate. All levels serve vintages 2020-2024 only, on 2020-vintage tract boundaries. State rows have NULL county_fips, district_code, and tract_geoid; county rows carry only county_fips, district rows only district_code, tract rows only tract_geoid. District rows cover the ~180 standard (city/county) districts only: the Census publishes school-district estimates at unified school district geography, which has no codes for charter schools, RESAs, or state agencies, and its few Census-only districts (e.g. the Fort Stewart military district) have no GCD district code and are dropped.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"schema_hash":"3a04454cf59745dac8700f5269ead3b2f94f2938f043c0de9801bf3d67162919","tags":["census","u.s. census bureau, american community survey 5-year estimates","disability_by_type"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, district_code, tract_geoid, demographic, disability_type, age_bracket (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2024), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM disability_by_type WHERE year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"District 660 in 2024","query":"SELECT * FROM disability_by_type WHERE district_code = '660' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by disability_type = ambulatory","query":"SELECT * FROM disability_by_type WHERE disability_type = 'ambulatory' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"district_code","target_object":"districts","target_columns":["district_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["district_name","district_census_id","district_type"],"scope":"domain"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"district_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"district_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","female","male"]},{"param":"disability_type","kind":"categorical","column":"disability_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["ambulatory","cognitive","hearing","independent_living","self_care","vision"],"has_total":false,"total_value":null,"requires_single_value":true,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"age_bracket","kind":"categorical","column":"age_bracket","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["18_34","35_64","5_17","65_74","75_plus","all","under_5"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"district_type","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"districts","column":"district_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["commission_charter","resa","standard","state_agency","state_charter","state_school","state_special"]},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"disability_type","reason":"A person can report several of the six difficulties, so counts summed across disability types count people more than once and are not the number of people with a disability (that is census/acs/disability_status); the types also cover different ages (all ages; 5 and over; 18 and over)."}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":null,"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/census/disability_by_type/values"}