{"main_topic":"census","sub_topic":"acs","topic":"disability_status","key":"census/acs/disability_status","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2020,"year_max":2024,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"census/disability_status/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","district_code","tract_geoid","demographic","age_bracket","race_iteration"],"title":"Disability Status (ACS)","summary":"The share of people with a disability in each Georgia community, by sex, age group and race/ethnicity - American Community Survey 5-year estimates down to the census-tract level.","description":"Disability status of the civilian noninstitutionalized population from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates (detailed tables B18101, Sex by Age by Disability Status, and C18108, Age by Number of Disabilities, with subject table S1810, Disability Characteristics), for Georgia at state, county, school district, and census tract geography, vintages 2020-2024: the share of people with a hearing, vision, cognitive, ambulatory, self-care or independent-living difficulty, by sex x age group and by race/ethnicity, with the underlying counts, the number with one versus two or more disabilities, and 90 percent margins of error.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["disability","disabled people","people with disabilities","disability rate","disability by race","disability by age","multiple disabilities","share with disability","race"],"es":["discapacidad","personas con discapacidad","tasa de discapacidad","discapacitados","discapacidad por raza","discapacidad por edad","varias discapacidades","raza"]},"source":"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates","source_url":"https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2024.S1810?g=040XX00US13","endpoint":"/api/v1/census/disability_status","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"ACS 5-year vintage END year: 2024 covers the pooled 2020-2024 survey period. Consecutive vintages overlap.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (state 13 + county). Populated only on county-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":true,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"GCD school district code (FK to the education districts dimension). Populated only on district-level rows - Census unified-school-district estimates mapped onto the ~180 standard districts via the dimension's district_census_id.","valid_values":null,"example":"660","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"11-digit census tract GEOID (2020 boundaries). Populated only on tract-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121011100","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"Sex: all, male or female.","description":"Sex (FK to the demographics dimension): 'male', 'female', or 'all' (both sexes). Mutually exclusive - male + female = all for every count. Race/ethnicity is on race_iteration, not here; race rows exist only at demographic 'all'.","valid_values":["all","female","male"],"example":"female","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"age_bracket","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Age Bracket","short_description":"Age group; 'all' is every age.","description":"Age group from table B18101: under_5, 5_17, 18_34, 35_64, 65_74, 75_plus, or 'all' (every age). The six brackets are mutually exclusive and sum exactly to 'all'. Not every disability question is asked at every age (under 5: hearing and vision only; 5-17: all but independent living), so the youngest brackets measure a narrower definition. Race rows exist only at age_bracket 'all'.","valid_values":["all","under_5","5_17","18_34","35_64","65_74","75_plus"],"example":"65_74","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"race_iteration","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Race Iteration","short_description":"Census race/ethnicity group; the groups overlap, so never sum them - 'all' is the total.","description":"Census race/Hispanic-origin group from subject table S1810 (topic-specific categorical - NOT the shared demographic axis and no FK to the demographics dimension), published only for all sexes and all ages (demographic and age_bracket 'all'). 'all' = everyone; 'white' = White alone, not Hispanic or Latino; 'hispanic' = Hispanic or Latino of any race; 'black', 'native_american', 'asian', 'pacific_islander', 'other', 'multiracial' = race-alone groups (two or more races for multiracial) that INCLUDE Hispanic members. The groups OVERLAP and are NOT mutually exclusive (a Hispanic Black person is in both 'hispanic' and 'black'), so the rows never sum to 'all' and must not be added across this column. S1810's White-alone row including Hispanic members is not served.","valid_values":["all","asian","black","hispanic","multiracial","native_american","other","pacific_islander","white"],"example":"hispanic","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"disability_rate","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Disability Rate","short_description":"Share of people with a disability.","description":"Share of the group's civilian noninstitutionalized population with at least one of the six ACS disabilities (serious difficulty hearing, seeing, with cognition, walking or climbing stairs, with self-care, or with independent living) (0-1), derived as num_with_disability / num_population. NULL when the group's universe estimate is 0 in the geography: no one in the group was sampled there, which is not proof there are none (and not suppression). Not the same construct as school data's 'students with disabilities' (IDEA eligibility).","valid_values":null,"example":0.1312,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"disability_rate_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Disability Rate Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for disability_rate (0-1 scale). On the total, each-sex, each-age-bracket and race rows (demographic or age_bracket 'all') it is the Census's PUBLISHED margin of S1810's percent with a disability, divided by 100 (published to 0.1 point and capped by the Census at 100 points, so a value of 1.0 is the Census's own cap, served as published). On the 12 sex-by-age rows (male/female x a non-'all' bracket), where no rate margin is published, it is DERIVED from the published count margins with the Census ratio formula: the subtraction form, with the addition-form fallback whenever the radicand is not positive; a rate of exactly 0 or 1 instead takes the Census's own model margin, 1.645 * sqrt(R * (1 - R) * AW / N) with R = min(2.3 * AW / N, 0.5), N the population and AW Georgia's average survey weight for the vintage (18 in 2020, 19 in 2021-2024); a derived margin above 1.0 is set to NULL as known-bad. Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No margin: the rate is NULL (zero universe), or - on the 12 sex-by-age rows only - the derived margin exceeded 1.0 (a degenerate small-sample cell; a 0 or 100 percent rate's model margin exceeds 1.0 only on a universe of 12 people or fewer).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_with_disability","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number with Disability","short_description":"","description":"People in the group with at least one of the six ACS disabilities (ACS estimate) - the rate's numerator. Published B18101 cell on the sex-by-age rows; S1810's published count elsewhere (equal to the B18101 sum, asserted by the transform).","valid_values":null,"example":1409891,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"numerator"},{"name":"num_with_disability_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number with Disability Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_with_disability, as published (B18101 cell margin on the sex-by-age rows, S1810 margin elsewhere).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_population","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Population","short_description":"","description":"The group's civilian noninstitutionalized population (ACS estimate) - the rate's denominator and the universe of the disability questions. Excludes people in institutions (nursing homes, prisons, juvenile facilities) and active-duty military. Published B18101 cell on the sex-by-age rows; S1810's published total elsewhere (equal to the B18101 sum, asserted).","valid_values":null,"example":10746448,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"denominator"},{"name":"num_population_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Population Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_population, as published (B18101 cell margin on the sex-by-age rows, S1810 margin elsewhere).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_one_disability","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number One Disability","short_description":"","description":"People with exactly one of the six disability types (ACS table C18108, summed over its under 18 / 18-64 / 65+ bands) - a subset of num_with_disability; with num_two_plus_disabilities it sums exactly to it. Served only on the total row.","valid_values":null,"example":764252,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Not published for this breakdown: the number-of-disabilities split (table C18108) is served only on the total row (demographic, age_bracket and race_iteration all 'all').","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_one_disability_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number One Disability Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_one_disability: the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation over the three C18108 age cells' published margins, counting only the largest margin among cells estimated at zero (non-integer, unrounded).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Not published for this breakdown (served only on the total row, like num_one_disability).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_two_plus_disabilities","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Two Plus Disabilities","short_description":"","description":"People with two or more of the six disability types (ACS table C18108, summed over its under 18 / 18-64 / 65+ bands) - a subset of num_with_disability. Served only on the total row.","valid_values":null,"example":645639,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Not published for this breakdown: the number-of-disabilities split (table C18108) is served only on the total row (demographic, age_bracket and race_iteration all 'all').","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_two_plus_disabilities_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Two Plus Disabilities Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_two_plus_disabilities: the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation over the three C18108 age cells' published margins, counting only the largest margin among cells estimated at zero (non-integer, unrounded).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Not published for this breakdown (served only on the total row, like num_two_plus_disabilities).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"disability_rate","numeric_filter_columns":["disability_rate","disability_rate_moe","num_with_disability","num_with_disability_moe","num_population","num_population_moe","num_one_disability","num_one_disability_moe","num_two_plus_disabilities","num_two_plus_disabilities_moe"],"usage":"Star-schema fact table. Join the districts dimension on district_code; the counties dimension on county_fips; the tracts dimension on tract_geoid; the demographics dimension on demographic. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Disability here is the ACS survey definition - serious difficulty with hearing, vision, cognition, walking, self-care, or independent living, self- or proxy-reported - NOT the schools' 'students with disabilities' (IDEA special-education eligibility). Not every question is asked at every age: under 5 only hearing and vision, 5-17 all but independent living, so the youngest brackets measure a narrower definition. Universe: the civilian noninstitutionalized population, which EXCLUDES people in nursing homes, prisons and other institutions and active-duty military - material for the 75_plus bracket and for counties with large institutional populations. Race/ethnicity is served on the topic-specific race_iteration column, NOT the demographic axis, and only for all sexes and all ages (subject table S1810 publishes no race-by-sex or race-by-age figures): 'white' is White alone NOT Hispanic and 'hispanic' is Hispanic of any race, but the other groups are race-ALONE groups that INCLUDE Hispanic members, so the iterations overlap and never sum to 'all' (the White-alone-including-Hispanic row is not served). demographic carries sex (all/male/female); demographic and age_bracket are exact partitions. num_one_disability and num_two_plus_disabilities (table C18108) are served only on the total row (all sexes, all ages, all races): C18108 has no sex or race split and its age bands (under 18, 18-64, 65+) differ from age_bracket. disability_rate is derived from the published counts (it can differ from the Census's published one-decimal percent by rounding). Margins: every population and with-a-disability margin is published (B18101 cells or S1810, whose aggregate counts equal the B18101 sums); disability_rate_moe is S1810's published percent margin on the total, sex, age and race rows (capped by the Census at 100 points) and is derived with the Census ratio formula on the 12 sex-by-age rows (a 0 or 100 percent rate takes the Census's own model margin; a derived margin above 1.0 is set to NULL); the C18108 split's margins are the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation over its three age cells. A NULL rate means the group's universe estimate is 0 in the geography: no one in the group was sampled there, which is not proof there are none (and not suppression). ACS 5-year period estimates: the year column is the vintage END year and each estimate pools five years of survey responses (2024 = 2020-2024). Consecutive vintages share about 80% of their sample, so the series is heavily smoothed - never difference overlapping vintages as if they were annual change. Estimates are survey-based and carry 90% margins of error (the *_moe columns); tract-level margins can be large relative to the estimate. All levels serve vintages 2020-2024 only, on 2020-vintage tract boundaries. State rows have NULL county_fips, district_code, and tract_geoid; county rows carry only county_fips, district rows only district_code, tract rows only tract_geoid. District rows cover the ~180 standard (city/county) districts only: the Census publishes school-district estimates at unified school district geography, which has no codes for charter schools, RESAs, or state agencies, and its few Census-only districts (e.g. the Fort Stewart military district) have no GCD district code and are dropped.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"schema_hash":"647d06822af8af310d93337b586725600c6e638f369a704ae2c28b66bb89fd9b","tags":["census","u.s. census bureau, american community survey 5-year estimates","disability_status"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, district_code, tract_geoid, demographic, age_bracket, race_iteration (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2024), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM disability_status WHERE year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"District 660 in 2024","query":"SELECT * FROM disability_status WHERE district_code = '660' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by age_bracket = 65_74","query":"SELECT * FROM disability_status WHERE age_bracket = '65_74' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"district_code","target_object":"districts","target_columns":["district_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["district_name","district_census_id","district_type"],"scope":"domain"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"district_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"district_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","female","male"]},{"param":"age_bracket","kind":"categorical","column":"age_bracket","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","under_5","5_17","18_34","35_64","65_74","75_plus"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"race_iteration","kind":"categorical","column":"race_iteration","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","hispanic","multiracial","native_american","other","pacific_islander","white"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"district_type","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"districts","column":"district_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["commission_charter","resa","standard","state_agency","state_charter","state_school","state_special"]},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[{"primary":"age_bracket","dependent":"race_iteration","note":"race_iteration values other than 'all' exist only at age_bracket 'all' (and demographic 'all'): S1810 publishes no race-by-age or race-by-sex figures."},{"primary":"demographic","dependent":"race_iteration","note":"race_iteration values other than 'all' exist only at demographic 'all' (and age_bracket 'all')."}],"non_additive":[{"column":"race_iteration","reason":"The Census race iterations overlap: the race-alone groups (black, asian, native_american, pacific_islander, other, multiracial) include Hispanic members who are also counted in 'hispanic', so the groups never add up to 'all'."}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":null,"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/census/disability_status/values"}