{"main_topic":"census","sub_topic":"pep","topic":"estimated_births","key":"census/pep/estimated_births","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2021,"year_max":2025,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"census/estimated_births/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","district_code","tract_geoid"],"title":"Estimated Births (Census PEP)","summary":"Yearly births in Georgia and each county - count and rate per 1,000 residents, Census Population Estimates Vintage 2025.","description":"Births - babies born to mothers living in a geography - as estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program (PEP), Vintage 2025, for Georgia and each of its 159 counties, estimate years 2021-2025 (each covering July 1 of the prior year through June 30, not a calendar year). Served as a count and the published birth rate per 1,000 residents (the headline metric). Births are one of the components of population change PEP adds to its population base; they come from National Center for Health Statistics birth records by the mother's county of residence.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["births","birth","babies","babies born","newborns","birth rate","number of births","births per 1,000","PEP"],"es":["nacimientos","bebés","bebés nacidos","recién nacidos","tasa de natalidad","natalidad","número de nacimientos","nacimientos por 1,000","PEP"]},"source":"U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 county totals (CO-EST2025-ALLDATA)","source_url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/counties/totals/co-est2025-alldata.csv","endpoint":"/api/v1/census/estimated_births","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Estimate year: covers July 1 of the prior year through June 30 of this year (2025 = July 1, 2024 to June 30, 2025), not a calendar year. All years are from PEP Vintage 2025, which restates every earlier year; the partial April-June 2020 period is not served.","valid_values":null,"example":2025,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (state 13 + county). Populated only on county-level rows; NULL on the state row.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":true,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: the Population Estimates Program publishes no school-district geography. Kept for the census domain's standard key shape.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: the Population Estimates Program publishes no census-tract geography. Kept for the census domain's standard key shape.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_births","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number of Births","short_description":"Babies born to residents during the July-June estimate year.","description":"Births during the estimate year (July 1 to June 30), as published (BIRTHS in the source): live births to mothers resident in the geography, from National Center for Health Statistics birth records, with the most recent periods resting partly on provisional data and Census Bureau projections. An estimate, revised by each new vintage; not a calendar-year count. The numerator of birth_rate_per_1k.","valid_values":null,"example":12501,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Never NULL in the served vintage: PEP publishes a complete point estimate for every geography and year with no suppression.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"numerator"},{"name":"birth_rate_per_1k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Birth Rate per 1,000","short_description":"Births per 1,000 residents during the July-June estimate year.","description":"Birth rate per 1,000 residents, served verbatim from the source (RBIRTH): num_births divided by the average of the beginning and ending July 1 population estimates (not served), times 1,000. Comparable across counties of different sizes, which the raw count is not. An estimate with no margin of error published; the per-1,000 scale is in the name, so 11.2 means 11.2 births per 1,000 residents (about 1.1%).","valid_values":null,"example":11.42030249,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Never NULL in the served vintage: PEP publishes the rate for every geography in every full estimate year.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"birth_rate_per_1k","numeric_filter_columns":["num_births","birth_rate_per_1k"],"usage":"Star-schema fact table at state and county grain. Join the counties dimension on county_fips (NULL on the state row); district_code and tract_geoid are always NULL. Counts add across counties (the 159 sum exactly to the state row); rates do not, and the population a combined rate needs is not served here, so never average county rates. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"year is the ESTIMATE year, covering July 1 of the prior year through June 30 (2025 = births from July 1, 2024 to June 30, 2025), so these are not calendar-year birth counts and will not match calendar-year vital statistics. County figures for 2025 and half of 2024 are the state total spread by each county's 2023 pattern, not local counts. Every vintage restates the whole series: this table serves Population Estimates Program Vintage 2025 only (released March 2026), a future vintage will revise 2021-2025, and values must never be mixed with or differenced against an earlier vintage. Births come from National Center for Health Statistics birth records, placed by the mother's county of residence; the newest full-detail records Vintage 2025 uses are for calendar year 2023, so estimate years 2024 and 2025 (July 2023 onward) rest partly on provisional NCHS data and the Census Bureau's own short-term projections, and are the most likely to change in the next vintage. From January 2024 on, the Census spread the provisional statewide totals across counties using each county's 2023 pattern, so county values for estimate year 2025 (and the January-June 2024 half of 2024) follow the statewide trend, not local births: never read a county's 2024-to-2025 change as a local trend. The partial April-June 2020 period is not served. Rates are per 1,000 residents, computed by the Census on the average of the beginning and ending July 1 population estimates. That average population is not served as a column (each row's is num_births x 1,000 / birth_rate_per_1k), and county rates must never be averaged: a rate for several counties together is their summed births x 1,000 over their summed average populations. PEP publishes point estimates only: there are no margins of error, no suppression, and no NULLs. Counties reflect boundaries as of January 1, 2025; there is no school-district or tract geography. The state row is published separately, and the 159 county counts sum exactly to it in every year.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"schema_hash":"7ce02c7de410969ff43302e82e08680dc81934b8c4a84f32e5e8f119770ff2c6","tags":["census","u.s. census bureau, population estimates program, vintage 2025 county totals","estimated_births"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, district_code, tract_geoid (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2025), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM estimated_births WHERE year = 2025 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"district_code","target_object":"districts","target_columns":["district_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["district_name","district_census_id","district_type"],"scope":"domain"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"district_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"district_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"district_type","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"districts","column":"district_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["commission_charter","resa","standard","state_agency","state_charter","state_school","state_special"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":null,"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/census/estimated_births/values"}