{"main_topic":"census","sub_topic":"acs","topic":"foreign_born_by_country_of_birth","key":"census/acs/foreign_born_by_country_of_birth","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2020,"year_max":2024,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"census/foreign_born_by_country_of_birth/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","district_code","tract_geoid","region_of_birth","sub_region_of_birth","country_of_birth","country_of_birth_detail"],"title":"Foreign-Born Population by Country of Birth (ACS)","summary":"Where Georgia's foreign-born residents were born - world region, sub-region, and about 150 countries - ACS 5-year estimates down to the census tract.","description":"The foreign-born population by place of birth from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates (detailed table B05006, Place of Birth for the Foreign-Born Population in the United States), for Georgia at state, county, school district, and census tract geography, vintages 2020-2024: the total, six world regions, 17 sub-regions, and every country or residual area of birth the Census tabulates (146 from 2022, 136 before), with the United Kingdom, China, and Portugal detail, each with its 90 percent margin of error.","source":"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates","source_url":"https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2024.B05006?g=040XX00US13","endpoint":"/api/v1/census/foreign_born_by_country_of_birth","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"ACS 5-year vintage END year: 2024 covers the pooled 2020-2024 survey period. Consecutive vintages overlap.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (state 13 + county). Populated only on county-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13135","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":true,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"GCD school district code (FK to the education districts dimension). Populated only on district-level rows - Census unified-school-district estimates mapped onto the ~180 standard districts via the dimension's district_census_id.","valid_values":null,"example":"667","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"11-digit census tract GEOID (2020 boundaries). Populated only on tract-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13067030245","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"region_of_birth","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Region of Birth","short_description":"World region the foreign born were born in; pin it to reach its sub-regions and countries.","description":"World region of birth, with the same six values as foreign_born_population's region_of_birth: europe, asia, africa, oceania, latin_america (the Caribbean, Central America including Mexico, and South America), northern_america (Canada and other Northern America). 'all' is the whole foreign-born population (excluding people born at sea). With the other three columns at 'all' the six regions partition the total exactly. B05006 groups latin_america and northern_america under an Americas subtotal, which is not served (it is exactly their sum). Every sub-region and country row carries its region here, so pin region_of_birth before breaking down by sub_region_of_birth or country_of_birth.","valid_values":["all","europe","asia","africa","oceania","latin_america","northern_america"],"example":"latin_america","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"sub_region_of_birth","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Sub Region of Birth","short_description":"Census sub-region subtotal; served only with country_of_birth = 'all'.","description":"Census sub-region subtotal within region_of_birth (e.g. northern_europe, eastern_asia, western_africa, caribbean, central_america - which includes Mexico - and south_america). Served only with country_of_birth = 'all': the countries of a sub-region are served at sub_region_of_birth = 'all' under their region, so a country row does not name its sub-region. The sub-regions do not always cover their region: europe_nec, asia_nec, africa_nec, fiji, marshall_islands, micronesia, and oceania_nec sit directly under their region, and northern_america has no sub-regions, so the sub-regions of a region sum to at most the region (exactly, for latin_america).","valid_values":["all","northern_europe","western_europe","southern_europe","eastern_europe","eastern_asia","south_central_asia","south_eastern_asia","western_asia","eastern_africa","middle_africa","northern_africa","southern_africa","western_africa","australia_and_new_zealand","caribbean","central_america","south_america"],"example":"central_america","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"country_of_birth","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Country of Birth","short_description":"Country of birth (or residual bucket); pin region_of_birth to the country's region first.","description":"Country of birth, or a Census residual bucket, exactly as B05006 lists them (146 values from vintage 2022, 136 before). Each value appears only under its own region_of_birth with sub_region_of_birth = 'all'; with country_of_birth_detail = 'all' the values of one region partition it exactly. Residual buckets are not countries: other_<sub-region> (the rest of a sub-region), <region>_nec (not elsewhere classified), and west_indies (West Indies, country not specified). Naming: georgia_country is the nation of Georgia (Western Asia), never the U.S. state; micronesia is the Federated States of Micronesia, a country; burma_myanmar is labeled Burma before 2022; korea is undivided (North and South); czechoslovakia includes the Czech Republic and Slovakia; congo is the Republic of the Congo, distinct from democratic_republic_of_congo (formerly Zaire); united_kingdom includes the Crown Dependencies and china includes Hong Kong and Taiwan (their parts are on country_of_birth_detail). First tabulated in vintage 2022, absent before: bhutan, azerbaijan, georgia_country, united_arab_emirates, tanzania, algeria, ivory_coast, togo, marshall_islands, st_lucia. Not comparable across 2021-2022 (they held those countries before): other_south_central_asia, other_western_asia, other_eastern_africa, other_northern_africa, other_western_africa, oceania_nec, other_caribbean.","valid_values":["all","denmark","ireland","norway","sweden","united_kingdom","other_northern_europe","austria","belgium","france","germany","netherlands","switzerland","other_western_europe","greece","italy","portugal","spain","other_southern_europe","albania","belarus","bosnia_and_herzegovina","bulgaria","croatia","czechoslovakia","hungary","latvia","lithuania","moldova","north_macedonia","poland","romania","russia","serbia","ukraine","other_eastern_europe","europe_nec","china","japan","korea","other_eastern_asia","afghanistan","bangladesh","bhutan","india","iran","kazakhstan","nepal","pakistan","sri_lanka","uzbekistan","other_south_central_asia","burma_myanmar","cambodia","indonesia","laos","malaysia","philippines","singapore","thailand","vietnam","other_south_eastern_asia","armenia","azerbaijan","georgia_country","iraq","israel","jordan","kuwait","lebanon","saudi_arabia","syria","turkey","united_arab_emirates","yemen","other_western_asia","asia_nec","eritrea","ethiopia","kenya","somalia","tanzania","uganda","zimbabwe","other_eastern_africa","cameroon","congo","democratic_republic_of_congo","other_middle_africa","algeria","egypt","morocco","sudan","other_northern_africa","south_africa","other_southern_africa","cabo_verde","ghana","ivory_coast","liberia","nigeria","senegal","sierra_leone","togo","other_western_africa","africa_nec","australia","other_australia_and_new_zealand","fiji","marshall_islands","micronesia","oceania_nec","bahamas","barbados","cuba","dominica","dominican_republic","grenada","haiti","jamaica","st_lucia","st_vincent_and_the_grenadines","trinidad_and_tobago","west_indies","other_caribbean","belize","costa_rica","el_salvador","guatemala","honduras","mexico","nicaragua","panama","other_central_america","argentina","bolivia","brazil","chile","colombia","ecuador","guyana","peru","uruguay","venezuela","other_south_america","canada","other_northern_america"],"example":"mexico","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"country_of_birth_detail","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Country of Birth Detail","short_description":"Parts of united_kingdom and china, and portugal's Azores.","description":"Finer place of birth the Census publishes inside three country_of_birth entries, served only under that country ('all' everywhere else): united_kingdom = united_kingdom_excluding_england_and_scotland + england + scotland, and china = china_excluding_hong_kong_and_taiwan + hong_kong + taiwan (exact partitions); portugal's only detail is azores_islands, a SUBSET of portugal (the Census publishes no 'rest of Portugal' cell), so the portugal details never sum to portugal.","valid_values":["all","united_kingdom_excluding_england_and_scotland","england","scotland","azores_islands","china_excluding_hong_kong_and_taiwan","hong_kong","taiwan"],"example":"hong_kong","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"population_count","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Population Count","short_description":"Estimated foreign-born residents born in the region, sub-region, or country.","description":"ACS 5-year estimate of the number of foreign-born residents (excluding people born at sea) in the (region_of_birth, sub_region_of_birth, country_of_birth, country_of_birth_detail) cell - always one published B05006 cell, never derived. A survey estimate, not a full count: most country cells are 0 at tract and small-county grain - see population_count_moe.","valid_values":null,"example":233808,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Never NULL in vintages 2020-2024: B05006 publishes no annotation codes. A NULL in a future vintage would mean the Census published an annotation code (suppressed or inapplicable) instead of an estimate.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"population_count_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Population Count Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for population_count, as published by the Census for the same cell (never recomputed). Zero-estimate cells carry the standard small-cell margin, often larger than nearby non-zero estimates. Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Never NULL in vintages 2020-2024. A NULL margin next to a present estimate would be a controlled estimate (fixed to official totals, so no sampling error is published) - never suppression.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"population_count","usage":"Star-schema fact table. Join the districts dimension on district_code; the counties dimension on county_fips; the tracts dimension on tract_geoid. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Place of birth is a hierarchy on four categoricals and only 'all' rows overlap, so never sum across more than one axis: region_of_birth partitions the total; country_of_birth values exist only under their own region (with sub_region_of_birth = 'all') and partition it; sub_region_of_birth subtotals exist only with country_of_birth = 'all'; country_of_birth_detail splits united_kingdom and china exactly, while portugal's only detail, azores_islands, is a subset of portugal. The sub-regions of a region do not always cover it: europe_nec, asia_nec, africa_nec, fiji, marshall_islands, micronesia, and oceania_nec are published directly under their region, and northern_america (canada, other_northern_america) has no sub-regions. Ten countries were first tabulated in vintage 2022 (bhutan, azerbaijan, georgia_country, united_arab_emirates, tanzania, algeria, ivory_coast, togo, marshall_islands, st_lucia); before that they were counted inside other_south_central_asia, other_western_asia, other_eastern_africa, other_northern_africa, other_western_africa, oceania_nec, other_caribbean, so those residual buckets are not comparable across 2021-2022 and must never be summed with a later split-out country to rebuild the old bucket. Region and sub-region subtotals are unaffected. The universe excludes people born at sea: the total equals the foreign-born count of foreign_born_population through 2022 and is 32 (2023) or 29 (2024) people lower from 2023 (one Cobb County tract and its county and school-district parents), so compare the two topics with <=, not equality. B05006's Americas subtotal is not served; it equals latin_america + northern_america, which are served as regions to match foreign_born_population. Names: georgia_country is the nation of Georgia in Western Asia, not the U.S. state; korea is undivided; czechoslovakia includes the Czech Republic and Slovakia; united_kingdom includes the Crown Dependencies; china includes Hong Kong and Taiwan; west_indies and the other_* and *_nec values are residual buckets, not countries. Most country cells are 0 at tract and small-county grain, with margins far larger than the estimate. ACS 5-year period estimates: the year column is the vintage END year and each estimate pools five years of survey responses (2024 = 2020-2024). Consecutive vintages share about 80% of their sample, so the series is heavily smoothed - never difference overlapping vintages as if they were annual change. Estimates are survey-based and carry 90% margins of error (the *_moe columns); tract-level margins can be large relative to the estimate. All levels serve vintages 2020-2024 only, on 2020-vintage tract boundaries. State rows have NULL county_fips, district_code, and tract_geoid; county rows carry only county_fips, district rows only district_code, tract rows only tract_geoid. District rows cover the ~180 standard (city/county) districts only: the Census publishes school-district estimates at unified school district geography, which has no codes for charter schools, RESAs, or state agencies, and its few Census-only districts (e.g. the Fort Stewart military district) have no GCD district code and are dropped.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"schema_hash":"be44c147f2191c299bfd3ea5557e5d3dc272ac2ffa9dc5295699c3cc308c735a","tags":["census","u.s. census bureau, american community survey 5-year estimates","foreign_born_by_country_of_birth"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, district_code, tract_geoid, region_of_birth, sub_region_of_birth, country_of_birth, country_of_birth_detail (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2024), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM foreign_born_by_country_of_birth WHERE year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"District 667 in 2024","query":"SELECT * FROM foreign_born_by_country_of_birth WHERE district_code = '667' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by region_of_birth = latin_america","query":"SELECT * FROM foreign_born_by_country_of_birth WHERE region_of_birth = 'latin_america' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"district_code","target_object":"districts","target_columns":["district_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["district_name","district_census_id","district_type"],"scope":"domain"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"district_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"district_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"region_of_birth","kind":"categorical","column":"region_of_birth","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","europe","asia","africa","oceania","latin_america","northern_america"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"sub_region_of_birth","kind":"categorical","column":"sub_region_of_birth","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","northern_europe","western_europe","southern_europe","eastern_europe","eastern_asia","south_central_asia","south_eastern_asia","western_asia","eastern_africa","middle_africa","northern_africa","southern_africa","western_africa","australia_and_new_zealand","caribbean","central_america","south_america"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"country_of_birth","kind":"categorical","column":"country_of_birth","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","denmark","ireland","norway","sweden","united_kingdom","other_northern_europe","austria","belgium","france","germany","netherlands","switzerland","other_western_europe","greece","italy","portugal","spain","other_southern_europe","albania","belarus","bosnia_and_herzegovina","bulgaria","croatia","czechoslovakia","hungary","latvia","lithuania","moldova","north_macedonia","poland","romania","russia","serbia","ukraine","other_eastern_europe","europe_nec","china","japan","korea","other_eastern_asia","afghanistan","bangladesh","bhutan","india","iran","kazakhstan","nepal","pakistan","sri_lanka","uzbekistan","other_south_central_asia","burma_myanmar","cambodia","indonesia","laos","malaysia","philippines","singapore","thailand","vietnam","other_south_eastern_asia","armenia","azerbaijan","georgia_country","iraq","israel","jordan","kuwait","lebanon","saudi_arabia","syria","turkey","united_arab_emirates","yemen","other_western_asia","asia_nec","eritrea","ethiopia","kenya","somalia","tanzania","uganda","zimbabwe","other_eastern_africa","cameroon","congo","democratic_republic_of_congo","other_middle_africa","algeria","egypt","morocco","sudan","other_northern_africa","south_africa","other_southern_africa","cabo_verde","ghana","ivory_coast","liberia","nigeria","senegal","sierra_leone","togo","other_western_africa","africa_nec","australia","other_australia_and_new_zealand","fiji","marshall_islands","micronesia","oceania_nec","bahamas","barbados","cuba","dominica","dominican_republic","grenada","haiti","jamaica","st_lucia","st_vincent_and_the_grenadines","trinidad_and_tobago","west_indies","other_caribbean","belize","costa_rica","el_salvador","guatemala","honduras","mexico","nicaragua","panama","other_central_america","argentina","bolivia","brazil","chile","colombia","ecuador","guyana","peru","uruguay","venezuela","other_south_america","canada","other_northern_america"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"country_of_birth_detail","kind":"categorical","column":"country_of_birth_detail","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","united_kingdom_excluding_england_and_scotland","england","scotland","azores_islands","china_excluding_hong_kong_and_taiwan","hong_kong","taiwan"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"district_type","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"districts","column":"district_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["commission_charter","resa","standard","state_agency","state_charter","state_school","state_special"]}],"filter_hints":[{"primary":"region_of_birth","dependent":"country_of_birth","note":"country_of_birth values other than 'all' exist only under their own region_of_birth (with sub_region_of_birth = 'all'): pin region_of_birth to the country's region first - e.g. mexico is under latin_america (Central America), not northern_america (Canada and other Northern America only). Under the default 'all' region pin the only country row is 'all'."},{"primary":"region_of_birth","dependent":"sub_region_of_birth","note":"sub_region_of_birth values other than 'all' exist only under their own region_of_birth and with country_of_birth = 'all'."},{"primary":"country_of_birth","dependent":"country_of_birth_detail","note":"country_of_birth_detail values other than 'all' exist only under country_of_birth united_kingdom or china (region europe / asia) or portugal (azores_islands, a subset of portugal)."}],"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/census/foreign_born_by_country_of_birth/values"}