{"main_topic":"census","sub_topic":"acs","topic":"health_insurance_by_citizenship","key":"census/acs/health_insurance_by_citizenship","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2020,"year_max":2024,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"census/health_insurance_by_citizenship/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","district_code","tract_geoid","citizenship_status"],"title":"Health Insurance by Citizenship Status (ACS)","summary":"How uninsured rates differ between native-born residents, naturalized citizens, and noncitizens in each Georgia community - ACS 5-year estimates down to the census tract.","description":"Health insurance coverage by nativity and citizenship from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates (detailed table B27020, Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type by Citizenship Status), for Georgia at state, county, school district, and census tract geography, vintages 2020-2024: the share of the civilian noninstitutionalized population with no health insurance among the native born, the foreign born, naturalized citizens, and noncitizens, with the underlying uninsured, insured, private-coverage, and public-coverage counts and 90 percent margins of error.","source":"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates","source_url":"https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2024.B27020?g=040XX00US13","endpoint":"/api/v1/census/health_insurance_by_citizenship","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"ACS 5-year vintage END year: 2024 covers the pooled 2020-2024 survey period. Consecutive vintages overlap.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (state 13 + county). Populated only on county-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":true,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"GCD school district code (FK to the education districts dimension). Populated only on district-level rows - Census unified-school-district estimates mapped onto the ~180 standard districts via the dimension's district_census_id.","valid_values":null,"example":"660","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"11-digit census tract GEOID (2020 boundaries). Populated only on tract-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121011100","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"citizenship_status","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Citizenship Status","short_description":"Native vs foreign born, and the foreign born by citizenship; a hierarchy, never summed.","description":"Nativity and citizenship status. Hierarchical, not a partition: all = native + foreign_born, and foreign_born = naturalized + noncitizen, so the five values must never be summed. 'all' is the total row. The ACS asks citizenship, not legal status: noncitizen covers lawful permanent residents, temporary visa holders, and unauthorized migrants alike. In this topic the universe is the civilian noninstitutionalized population (B27020). The 'all' and 'foreign_born' rows' coverage counts are derived sums of the native / naturalized / noncitizen cells; every row's universe is published.","valid_values":["all","native","foreign_born","naturalized","noncitizen"],"example":"noncitizen","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"uninsured_rate","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Uninsured Rate","short_description":"Share of the citizenship group with no health insurance.","description":"Share of the citizenship group's civilian noninstitutionalized population with no health insurance coverage at the time of the interview (0-1), derived as num_uninsured / num_insurance_universe. NULL when the group's universe is empty in the geography (a true absence, not suppression).","valid_values":null,"example":0.409,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"uninsured_rate_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Uninsured Rate Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for uninsured_rate, derived from the count margins with the Census ratio formula: the subtraction form, with the Census addition-form fallback whenever the radicand is not positive, so a served margin is always greater than zero; a result above 1.0 is set to NULL as known-bad. A rate of exactly 0 or 1 (0 or 100 percent) instead takes the Census's own model margin for such estimates, 1.645 * sqrt(R * (1 - R) * AW / N) with R = min(2.3 * AW / N, 0.5), N the denominator and AW Georgia's average survey weight for the vintage (18 in 2020, 19 in 2021-2024): the ratio formula would give a 0 percent rate only the zero count's margin over N, about half the width the Census publishes. Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No margin derivable: a component margin was masked, the universe is zero, or the derived margin exceeded 1.0 (degenerate small-sample cell, e.g. a tiny all-uninsured tract cell; a 0 or 100 percent rate's model margin exceeds 1.0 only on a universe of 12 people or fewer).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_uninsured","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Uninsured","short_description":"","description":"People in the citizenship group with no health insurance coverage (people whose only coverage is the Indian Health Service count as uninsured) - the rate's numerator. Published on the native, naturalized, and noncitizen rows; DERIVED on the 'all' row (native + naturalized + noncitizen cells) and the 'foreign_born' row (naturalized + noncitizen cells), because B27020 publishes coverage cells only under those three groups. Published zeros are real.","valid_values":null,"example":256442,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL means a source cell carried an annotation code (suppressed or inapplicable); none does in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"numerator"},{"name":"num_uninsured_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Uninsured Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_uninsured. Published (integer, cast to float) on the native, naturalized, and noncitizen rows; on the 'all' and 'foreign_born' rows the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation over the summed leaf cells' margins under the zero-estimate rule (non-integer). Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Controlled estimate or masked component: a published leaf margin carried an annotation code (the derived 'all' / 'foreign_born' margin NULL-propagates). Every margin is present in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_insurance_universe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Insurance Universe","short_description":"","description":"Civilian noninstitutionalized population of the citizenship group - the rate's denominator. Always the PUBLISHED B27020 group total (001 all, 002 native, 007 foreign born, 008 naturalized, 013 noncitizen), never derived. Excludes active-duty military and people in institutional group quarters, so it is smaller than the total population.","valid_values":null,"example":627021,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL means the published group total carried an annotation code in the source; none does in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"denominator"},{"name":"num_insurance_universe_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Insurance Universe Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_insurance_universe. Always the published group-total margin (integer). Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Controlled estimate: the Census fixed the value and publishes no sampling error for it (annotation -555555555 in the source). Every margin is present in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_insured","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Insured","short_description":"","description":"People in the citizenship group with health insurance coverage (private, public, or both). With num_uninsured it partitions the group exactly: num_insured + num_uninsured = num_insurance_universe. Published on the native, naturalized, and noncitizen rows; DERIVED on the 'all' row (native + naturalized + noncitizen cells) and the 'foreign_born' row (naturalized + noncitizen cells), because B27020 publishes coverage cells only under those three groups. Published zeros are real.","valid_values":null,"example":370579,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL means a source cell carried an annotation code (suppressed or inapplicable); none does in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_insured_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Insured Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_insured. Published (integer, cast to float) on the native, naturalized, and noncitizen rows; on the 'all' and 'foreign_born' rows the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation over the summed leaf cells' margins under the zero-estimate rule (non-integer). Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Controlled estimate or masked component: a published leaf margin carried an annotation code (the derived 'all' / 'foreign_born' margin NULL-propagates). Every margin is present in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_private_coverage","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Private Coverage","short_description":"","description":"People in the citizenship group with private health insurance (employer-based, direct-purchase, or TRICARE), alone or together with public coverage. OVERLAPS num_public_coverage - never add the two (their sum exceeds num_insured by the people holding both) and never subtract them to get a 'private only' count. Published on the native, naturalized, and noncitizen rows; DERIVED on the 'all' row (native + naturalized + noncitizen cells) and the 'foreign_born' row (naturalized + noncitizen cells), because B27020 publishes coverage cells only under those three groups. Published zeros are real.","valid_values":null,"example":320934,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL means a source cell carried an annotation code (suppressed or inapplicable); none does in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_private_coverage_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Private Coverage Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_private_coverage. Published (integer, cast to float) on the native, naturalized, and noncitizen rows; on the 'all' and 'foreign_born' rows the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation over the summed leaf cells' margins under the zero-estimate rule (non-integer). Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Controlled estimate or masked component: a published leaf margin carried an annotation code (the derived 'all' / 'foreign_born' margin NULL-propagates). Every margin is present in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_public_coverage","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Public Coverage","short_description":"","description":"People in the citizenship group with public coverage (Medicare, Medicaid and other means-tested coverage, or VA health care), alone or together with private insurance. OVERLAPS num_private_coverage - never add the two (their sum exceeds num_insured by the people holding both) and never subtract them to get a 'public only' count. Published on the native, naturalized, and noncitizen rows; DERIVED on the 'all' row (native + naturalized + noncitizen cells) and the 'foreign_born' row (naturalized + noncitizen cells), because B27020 publishes coverage cells only under those three groups. Published zeros are real.","valid_values":null,"example":64011,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL means a source cell carried an annotation code (suppressed or inapplicable); none does in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_public_coverage_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Public Coverage Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_public_coverage. Published (integer, cast to float) on the native, naturalized, and noncitizen rows; on the 'all' and 'foreign_born' rows the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation over the summed leaf cells' margins under the zero-estimate rule (non-integer). Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Controlled estimate or masked component: a published leaf margin carried an annotation code (the derived 'all' / 'foreign_born' margin NULL-propagates). Every margin is present in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"uninsured_rate","usage":"Star-schema fact table. Join the districts dimension on district_code; the counties dimension on county_fips; the tracts dimension on tract_geoid. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"citizenship_status is a hierarchy, not a partition: all = native + foreign_born and foreign_born = naturalized + noncitizen, so never sum across it. Private and public coverage overlap (a person can hold both), so never add num_private_coverage and num_public_coverage or derive a 'private only' count; only insured + uninsured partition a group. Universe: the civilian noninstitutionalized population, excluding active-duty military and institutional group quarters. The private + public sum double-counts people holding both (e.g. employer insurance plus Medicare) and so is at least, and almost always more than, num_insured. The 'all' universe is smaller than the total population (10,746,448 vs 10,940,407 in population_by_race for 2024) because prisons, nursing homes, and military personnel are outside it; the gap is material in counties with large institutional or military populations. Coverage is measured at the time of the interview, not over the year; people whose only coverage is the Indian Health Service count as uninsured. The source publishes coverage cells only for native, naturalized, and noncitizen residents: the 'all' and 'foreign_born' rows' uninsured, insured, private, and public counts are derived as exact sums of those cells, with margins from the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation under the zero-estimate rule (non-integer, served as floats), while num_insurance_universe on every row is the published group total with its published margin. uninsured_rate_moe is derived from the count margins with the Census ratio formula (addition-form fallback whenever the subtraction form's radicand is not positive, so a served margin is never zero; a 0 or 100 percent rate takes the Census's own model margin for such estimates); a degenerate small-sample margin above 1.0 is set to NULL. Published zeros are real estimates, not suppression: small foreign-born cells in rural counties and many tracts are 0 with a positive margin, and a NULL uninsured_rate means the group has no civilian noninstitutionalized members in the geography (a zero universe - a true absence). The ACS asks citizenship, not legal status: noncitizen covers lawful permanent residents, temporary visa holders, humanitarian migrants, and unauthorized migrants alike. No annotation sentinel appears in vintages 2020-2024, so no count is masked; a NULL count margin beside a present estimate would be a controlled estimate, never suppression. ACS 5-year period estimates: the year column is the vintage END year and each estimate pools five years of survey responses (2024 = 2020-2024). Consecutive vintages share about 80% of their sample, so the series is heavily smoothed - never difference overlapping vintages as if they were annual change. Estimates are survey-based and carry 90% margins of error (the *_moe columns); tract-level margins can be large relative to the estimate. All levels serve vintages 2020-2024 only, on 2020-vintage tract boundaries. State rows have NULL county_fips, district_code, and tract_geoid; county rows carry only county_fips, district rows only district_code, tract rows only tract_geoid. District rows cover the ~180 standard (city/county) districts only: the Census publishes school-district estimates at unified school district geography, which has no codes for charter schools, RESAs, or state agencies, and its few Census-only districts (e.g. the Fort Stewart military district) have no GCD district code and are dropped.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"schema_hash":"0fc2742c28bfe563f10c55357e67e778b23482dd0f9938d041788b6d67850ca5","tags":["census","u.s. census bureau, american community survey 5-year estimates","health_insurance_by_citizenship"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, district_code, tract_geoid, citizenship_status (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2024), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM health_insurance_by_citizenship WHERE year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"District 660 in 2024","query":"SELECT * FROM health_insurance_by_citizenship WHERE district_code = '660' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by citizenship_status = noncitizen","query":"SELECT * FROM health_insurance_by_citizenship WHERE citizenship_status = 'noncitizen' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"district_code","target_object":"districts","target_columns":["district_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["district_name","district_census_id","district_type"],"scope":"domain"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"district_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"district_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"citizenship_status","kind":"categorical","column":"citizenship_status","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","native","foreign_born","naturalized","noncitizen"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"district_type","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"districts","column":"district_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["commission_charter","resa","standard","state_agency","state_charter","state_school","state_special"]}],"filter_hints":[],"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/census/health_insurance_by_citizenship/values"}