{"main_topic":"census","sub_topic":"nesd","topic":"nonemployer_owners_by_nativity","key":"census/nesd/nonemployer_owners_by_nativity","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2022,"year_max":2023,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"census/nonemployer_owners_by_nativity/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","district_code","tract_geoid","sector"],"title":"Nonemployer Business Owners by Nativity (Census NES-D)","summary":"Georgia's self-employed business owners (no paid employees): share born outside the U.S. and share not citizens, by county.","description":"Owners of nonemployer businesses - firms with no paid employees, such as sole proprietors, gig workers, and independent contractors - in Georgia and each of its 159 counties, by whether the owner was born in the United States and whether the owner is a U.S. citizen, from the U.S. Census Bureau's Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics (NES-D), reference years 2022-2023. Each row carries the number of owners the Census can identify, which excludes C-corporation owners ('total reporting'), the U.S.-born / not-U.S.-born split, the citizen / not-a-citizen split, and the published shares not U.S.-born (the headline metric) and not citizens. State rows are also broken out by 18 two-digit NAICS industry sectors; county rows cover all sectors combined.","source":"U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics (NES-D): Owner Characteristics of Nonemployer Firms (absnesdo), questions O11 (born in the U.S.) and O12 (U.S. citizen)","source_url":"https://www.census.gov/data/developers/data-sets/nesd.html","endpoint":"/api/v1/census/nonemployer_owners_by_nativity","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Reference year: the calendar year of the administrative records the statistics are tabulated from (2023 = calendar 2023). Each year is an independent annual release.","valid_values":null,"example":2023,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (state 13 + county). Populated only on county rows; NULL on state rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13135","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":true,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: NES-D publishes no school-district geography. Kept for the census domain's standard key shape.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: NES-D publishes no census-tract geography. Kept for the census domain's standard key shape.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"sector","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Sector","short_description":"Industry of the owners' businesses; 'all' is the all-sectors total and the only value for counties.","description":"Industry sector of the owners' nonemployer businesses (2022 NAICS sector; each business is classified in one sector). 'all' (NAICS 00) is the all-sectors total and the ONLY value on county rows - the Census publishes the 18 sectors at STATE level only, so pin sector = 'all' for any county or cross-geography comparison. The other values are the NAICS 2022 sector code prefixed naics_, with the range dash as an underscore: naics_11 = Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting; naics_21 = Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; naics_22 = Utilities; naics_23 = Construction; naics_31_33 = Manufacturing; naics_42 = Wholesale trade; naics_44_45 = Retail trade; naics_48_49 = Transportation and warehousing; naics_51 = Information; naics_52 = Finance and insurance; naics_53 = Real estate and rental and leasing; naics_54 = Professional, scientific, and technical services; naics_56 = Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services; naics_61 = Educational services; naics_62 = Health care and social assistance; naics_71 = Arts, entertainment, and recreation; naics_72 = Accommodation and food services; naics_81 = Other services (except public administration). Sectors 55 (management of companies) and 92 (public administration) are not published for nonemployers, and crop and animal production (NAICS 111-112) is excluded from every value: naics_11 is forestry, fishing, hunting and agricultural support only, and 'all' leaves out farms. The 18 sector rows sum to the 'all' row only within rounding.","valid_values":["all","naics_11","naics_21","naics_22","naics_23","naics_31_33","naics_42","naics_44_45","naics_48_49","naics_51","naics_52","naics_53","naics_54","naics_56","naics_61","naics_62","naics_71","naics_72","naics_81"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_owners_reporting","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Owners Reporting","short_description":"","description":"'Total reporting': the number of owners of nonemployer businesses other than C-corporations (whose owners the Census cannot identify; about 2% of nonemployers), with place of birth and citizenship from administrative records or imputed by the Census - the denominator of both shares. The two questions' totals (O11 'born in the U.S.' and O12 'U.S. citizen') are identical in every cell (2022-2023; asserted by the transform), so one column serves both. Counts owners of businesses, not distinct people or jobs. Rounded by the Census on a magnitude-banded scale (see limitations), so it matches sums of other counts only within rounding.","valid_values":null,"example":154000,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Never NULL: both questions' 'Total reporting' rows are published for every geography and sector.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"denominator"},{"name":"num_owners_us_born","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Owners Born in the U.S.","short_description":"","description":"Owners reporting who were born in the United States (question O11, answer 'Owner was born in the U.S.'). Can equal num_owners_reporting in a small county whose not-U.S.-born count is withheld. Rounded by the Census on a magnitude-banded scale (see limitations), so it matches sums of other counts only within rounding.","valid_values":null,"example":72000,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Published for every geography and sector in 2022-2023; a NULL in a future release would mean the Census withheld the 'Owner was born in the U.S.' row (disclosure review), not zero.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_owners_not_us_born","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Owners Not Born in the U.S.","short_description":"","description":"Owners reporting who were NOT born in the United States (question O11, answer 'Owner was not born in the U.S.') - the numerator of pct_not_us_born. Includes naturalized citizens, so it overlaps num_owners_citizen and must never be added to num_owners_not_citizen. Rounded by the Census on a magnitude-banded scale (see limitations), so it matches sums of other counts only within rounding.","valid_values":null,"example":82000,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Not published: the Census omits the 'Owner was not born in the U.S.' row when its count is small (22 counties in 2022 and 15 in 2023, each with at most 800 owners reporting). NOT zero, and not derivable as num_owners_reporting minus the complement (the counts are rounded). pct_not_us_born is still served on these rows: it is filled as 100 minus the published percent of the opposite answer, exact at the published one-decimal precision.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"numerator"},{"name":"pct_not_us_born","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of Owners Not Born in the U.S.","short_description":"Share of nonemployer business owners who were born outside the U.S.","description":"Share of owners reporting who were NOT born in the United States, as published by the Census (the one-decimal percent for the 'Owner was not born in the U.S.' row, divided by 100). The Census computes it from UNROUNDED counts, so it is the canonical figure and can differ slightly from num_owners_not_us_born / num_owners_reporting (Gwinnett 2023: 0.533 published vs 82,000 / 154,000 = 0.532). Place of birth is assigned from administrative records (primarily the Census Numident), so there is no margin of error. Never smaller than pct_not_citizen (naturalized owners are not U.S.-born but are citizens); the two shares must never be added. Where the Census omits the 'not born in the U.S.' row, this share is 100 minus the published 'born in the U.S.' percent divided by 100 - exact at the published precision, because the two percents sum to exactly 100.0 wherever both are published.","valid_values":null,"example":0.533,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Never NULL in 2022-2023. Where the Census omits the 'Owner was not born in the U.S.' row (a small count; see num_owners_not_us_born), the share is filled as 100 minus the published 'born in the U.S.' percent. A NULL would mean both answers were omitted.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_owners_citizen","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Owners Who Are U.S. Citizens","short_description":"","description":"Owners reporting who are U.S. citizens (question O12, answer 'Owner is a citizen of the U.S.'), whether by birth or naturalization - so it overlaps num_owners_not_us_born. Rounded by the Census on a magnitude-banded scale (see limitations), so it matches sums of other counts only within rounding.","valid_values":null,"example":99500,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Published for every geography and sector in 2022-2023; a NULL in a future release would mean the Census withheld the 'Owner is a citizen of the U.S.' row (disclosure review), not zero.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_owners_not_citizen","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Owners Who Are Not U.S. Citizens","short_description":"","description":"Owners reporting who are NOT U.S. citizens (question O12, answer 'Owner is not a citizen of the U.S.') - a subset of num_owners_not_us_born, never to be added to it. Citizenship comes from administrative records and does not distinguish legal status. Rounded by the Census on a magnitude-banded scale (see limitations), so it matches sums of other counts only within rounding.","valid_values":null,"example":54500,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Not published: the Census omits the 'Owner is not a citizen of the U.S.' row when its count is small (39 counties in 2022 and 35 in 2023, each with at most 1,800 owners reporting). NOT zero, and not derivable as num_owners_reporting minus the complement (the counts are rounded). pct_not_citizen is still served on these rows: it is filled as 100 minus the published percent of the opposite answer, exact at the published one-decimal precision.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_not_citizen","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of Owners Not U.S. Citizens","short_description":"","description":"Share of owners reporting who are NOT U.S. citizens, as published by the Census (one-decimal percent divided by 100, computed from unrounded counts). Same-family companion of pct_not_us_born over the same total: never larger than it, and never to be added to it. Where the Census omits the 'not a citizen' row, this share is 100 minus the published 'citizen' percent divided by 100.","valid_values":null,"example":0.353,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Never NULL in 2022-2023. Where the Census omits the 'Owner is not a citizen of the U.S.' row (a small count; see num_owners_not_citizen), the share is filled as 100 minus the published 'citizen' percent. A NULL would mean both answers were omitted.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"pct_not_us_born","usage":"Star-schema fact table at state and county grain. Join the counties dimension on county_fips (NULL on state rows); district_code and tract_geoid are always NULL. Pin sector = 'all' for county-level or cross-geography comparisons - county rows carry only 'all', and the 18 NAICS sectors exist on the state rows only. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Counts are owners of BUSINESSES, not people or jobs: nonemployer firms have no paid employees - sole proprietors, gig workers, independent contractors, and other self-employed owners, many of them part-time or supplementing a wage job - and one person can own several such businesses. The two questions OVERLAP and must never be added or combined: a naturalized owner is in num_owners_not_us_born AND num_owners_citizen, and non-citizens are a subset of the not-U.S.-born, so pct_not_citizen is at most pct_not_us_born. Small answer counts are not published: the Census omits the answer row, so num_owners_not_us_born is NULL for 22 counties in 2022 and 15 in 2023, and num_owners_not_citizen for 39 counties in 2022 and 35 in 2023, all with at most 1,800 owners reporting; never fill those counts from the total minus the complement (the counts are rounded). The shares are still served for those rows: each is 100 minus the published percent of the opposite answer, exact at the published one-decimal precision because the two percents sum to exactly 100.0 wherever both are published. num_owners_reporting is 'Total reporting': the owners of nonemployer businesses other than C-corporations (about 2% of nonemployers, whose owners the Census cannot identify), so it is not every nonemployer owner. Place of birth and citizenship come from administrative records (primarily the Census Numident, with decennial census and ACS responses as secondary sources) for at least 95% of those owners, and the Census imputes the rest. Both questions share this total in every cell. Counts are rounded by the Census on a magnitude-banded scale (observed: under 100 to the nearest 10, 100-999 to 50, 1,000-9,999 to 100, 10,000-99,999 to 500, 100,000 and over to 1,000), so answers, sectors, and counties sum to their totals only within rounding; the shares are published by the Census from unrounded counts and are the canonical figures - prefer them to dividing the rounded counts. year is the calendar reference year of the administrative records (2022-2023), each an independent annual release; the statistics are tabulated from administrative records, not a survey, so there are no margins of error. Industry sectors (sector values other than 'all') are published at STATE level only; county rows carry the all-sectors total ('all') only. Nonemployer Statistics exclude crop and animal production (NAICS 111-112), so farms are in neither 'all' nor naics_11. Geography is Georgia and its 159 counties; district_code and tract_geoid are always NULL. For the foreign-born share of all residents rather than business owners, see the ACS foreign_born_population topic.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2022,2023],"schema_hash":"4adcdda5848f6f78ac72d46aba2b4e60ae89ef1f6e6012d053bea77b48f18c52","tags":["census","u.s. census bureau, nonemployer statistics by demographics","nonemployer_owners_by_nativity"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, district_code, tract_geoid, sector (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2023), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM nonemployer_owners_by_nativity WHERE year = 2023 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by sector = all","query":"SELECT * FROM nonemployer_owners_by_nativity WHERE sector = 'all' AND year = 2023 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"district_code","target_object":"districts","target_columns":["district_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["district_name","district_census_id","district_type"],"scope":"domain"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"district_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"district_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"sector","kind":"categorical","column":"sector","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","naics_11","naics_21","naics_22","naics_23","naics_31_33","naics_42","naics_44_45","naics_48_49","naics_51","naics_52","naics_53","naics_54","naics_56","naics_61","naics_62","naics_71","naics_72","naics_81"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"district_type","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"districts","column":"district_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["commission_charter","resa","standard","state_agency","state_charter","state_school","state_special"]}],"filter_hints":[],"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/census/nonemployer_owners_by_nativity/values"}