{"main_topic":"census","sub_topic":"acs","topic":"poverty","key":"census/acs/poverty","version":"2.0.0","year_min":2020,"year_max":2024,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"census/poverty/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","district_code","tract_geoid","race_iteration"],"title":"Poverty (ACS)","summary":"The share of people living below the poverty line in each Georgia community, overall and by race/ethnicity - American Community Survey 5-year estimates down to the census-tract level.","description":"Poverty status by Census race/ethnicity iteration from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates (table B17001 and its race iterations B17001B-I), for Georgia at state, county, school district, and census tract geography, vintages 2020-2024: the share of people below the federal poverty line, with the underlying counts and 90 percent margins of error.","source":"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates","source_url":"https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2024.B17001?g=040XX00US13","endpoint":"/api/v1/census/poverty","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"ACS 5-year vintage END year: 2024 covers the pooled 2020-2024 survey period. Consecutive vintages overlap.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (state 13 + county). Populated only on county-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":true,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"GCD school district code (FK to the education districts dimension). Populated only on district-level rows - Census unified-school-district estimates mapped onto the ~180 standard districts.","valid_values":null,"example":"660","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"11-digit census tract GEOID (2020 boundaries). Populated only on tract-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121011100","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"race_iteration","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Race Iteration","short_description":"Census race-iteration table; the groups overlap, so never sum them - 'all' is the total.","description":"Census race-iteration table membership (topic-specific categorical - NOT the shared demographic axis and no FK to the demographics dimension). 'all' = the total population with poverty status determined (B17001); 'white' = White alone, not Hispanic or Latino (iteration H); 'hispanic' = Hispanic or Latino of any race (iteration I); 'black', 'native_american', 'asian', 'pacific_islander', 'other', 'multiracial' = the race-alone iterations B-G, which INCLUDE Hispanic members. The iterations OVERLAP and are NOT mutually exclusive (a Hispanic Black person is in both 'hispanic' and 'black'), so the rows never sum to 'all' and must not be added across this column.","valid_values":["all","asian","black","hispanic","multiracial","native_american","other","pacific_islander","white"],"example":"hispanic","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"poverty_rate","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Poverty Rate","short_description":"Share below the federal poverty line.","description":"People below the federal poverty line as a share of those with poverty status determined (0-1), derived as num_below_poverty / num_poverty_universe. NULL when the category's universe is empty in the geography. Not the same construct as school data's 'economically disadvantaged'.","valid_values":null,"example":0.1339,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"poverty_rate_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Poverty Rate Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for poverty_rate, derived from the published count margins with the Census ratio formula: the subtraction form, with the Census addition-form fallback whenever the radicand is not positive, so a served margin is always greater than zero. Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No margin derivable: a component margin was masked, the universe is zero, or the derived margin exceeded 1.0 (degenerate small-sample cell, e.g. a one-person cell whose numerator equals its denominator).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_below_poverty","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Below Poverty","short_description":"","description":"People with income below the poverty level in the past 12 months (ACS estimate) - the rate's numerator.","valid_values":null,"example":1430012,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"numerator"},{"name":"num_below_poverty_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Below Poverty Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_below_poverty, as published.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"The source published no margin (annotation sentinel).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_poverty_universe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Poverty Universe","short_description":"","description":"Population for whom poverty status is determined (ACS estimate) - the rate's denominator. Excludes most group quarters (dorms, prisons, barracks).","valid_values":null,"example":10679691,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"denominator"},{"name":"num_poverty_universe_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Poverty Universe Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_poverty_universe, as published.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"The source published no margin (annotation sentinel).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"poverty_rate","usage":"Star-schema fact table. Join the districts dimension on district_code; the counties dimension on county_fips; the tracts dimension on tract_geoid. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Race/ethnicity is served on the topic-specific race_iteration column, NOT the shared demographic axis, because the Census race-iteration tables OVERLAP: 'white' is White alone NOT Hispanic (B17001H) and 'hispanic' is Hispanic of any race (B17001I), but the remaining groups are race-ALONE iterations (B17001B-G) that INCLUDE Hispanic members - a Hispanic Black person is counted in both 'hispanic' and 'black'. The demographics dimension promises mutually exclusive categories, which these rows cannot honor (the Census publishes no other non-Hispanic poverty splits), so the split below-poverty counts never sum to the 'all' row and must not be added across race_iteration values; 'all' (B17001) is the total population and is the default pin. population_by_race (B03002) IS mutually exclusive and stays on demographic. Universe: the population for whom poverty status is determined, which EXCLUDES most group quarters (college dorms, prisons, military barracks) - material in counties with large institutional populations. A NULL poverty_rate at tract grain almost always means the race iteration has no poverty-determined members in that tract (a zero universe - a true absence, not suppression); the universe count on the row says which. ACS poverty is NOT the same construct as GOSA's 'economically disadvantaged' (a program-eligibility flag) - related, not equivalent. poverty_rate_moe is derived from the published count margins with the Census ratio formula (addition-form fallback whenever the subtraction form's radicand is not positive, so a served margin is never zero); a degenerate small-sample margin above 1.0 is set to NULL. ACS 5-year period estimates: the year column is the vintage END year and each estimate pools five years of survey responses (2024 = 2020-2024). Consecutive vintages share about 80% of their sample, so the series is heavily smoothed - never difference overlapping vintages as if they were annual change. Estimates are survey-based and carry 90% margins of error (the *_moe columns); tract-level margins can be large relative to the estimate. All levels serve vintages 2020-2024 only, on 2020-vintage tract boundaries. State rows have NULL county_fips, district_code, and tract_geoid; county rows carry only county_fips, district rows only district_code, tract rows only tract_geoid. District rows cover the ~180 standard (city/county) districts only: the Census publishes school-district estimates at unified school district geography, which has no codes for charter schools, RESAs, or state agencies, and its few Census-only districts (e.g. the Fort Stewart military district) have no GCD district code and are dropped.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"schema_hash":"d7561f3e6e26b58ae22da5fb4551931b9bb39655ded02794a2ed31a76bb626d9","tags":["census","u.s. census bureau, american community survey 5-year estimates","poverty"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, district_code, tract_geoid, race_iteration (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2024), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM poverty WHERE year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"District 660 in 2024","query":"SELECT * FROM poverty WHERE district_code = '660' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by race_iteration = hispanic","query":"SELECT * FROM poverty WHERE race_iteration = 'hispanic' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"district_code","target_object":"districts","target_columns":["district_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["district_name","district_census_id","district_type"],"scope":"domain"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"district_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"district_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"race_iteration","kind":"categorical","column":"race_iteration","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","hispanic","multiracial","native_american","other","pacific_islander","white"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"district_type","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"districts","column":"district_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["commission_charter","resa","standard","state_agency","state_charter","state_school","state_special"]}],"filter_hints":[],"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/census/poverty/values"}