{"name":"children_of_immigrants","kind":"table","main_topic":"census","sub_topic":"acs","topic":"children_of_immigrants","key":"census/acs/children_of_immigrants","version":"1.1.0","year_min":2020,"year_max":2024,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default_detail":"counties","grain":["year","county_fips","district_code","tract_geoid","age_band","living_arrangement","parent_nativity","parent_nativity_detail","child_nativity"],"title":"Children of Immigrants (ACS)","summary":"How many children in each Georgia community live with at least one foreign-born parent, and how many were themselves born abroad - ACS 5-year estimates down to the census tract.","description":"Own children under 18 living in families and subfamilies by the nativity of their parents and their own nativity, from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates (detailed table B05009, Age and Nativity of Own Children Under 18 Years in Families and Subfamilies by Number and Nativity of Parents), for Georgia at state, county, school district, and census tract geography, vintages 2020-2024: children by age band (under 6 / 6 to 17), living arrangement (two parents / one parent), whether at least one co-resident parent is foreign-born (for two-parent families: both parents or one of them), and whether the child is native or foreign-born, each with its 90 percent margin of error.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["immigrant children","immigrant families","immigrant parents","immigrants","immigration","foreign-born parents","second generation","kids of immigrants","children born abroad","children with foreign-born parents"],"es":["hijos de inmigrantes","niños inmigrantes","familias inmigrantes","padres inmigrantes","inmigrantes","inmigrante","padres extranjeros","segunda generación","niños extranjeros"]},"source":"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates","source_url":"https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2024.B05009?g=040XX00US13","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"ACS 5-year vintage END year: 2024 covers the pooled 2020-2024 survey period. Consecutive vintages overlap.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (state 13 + county). Populated only on county-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13135","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":true,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"GCD school district code (FK to the education districts dimension). Populated only on district-level rows - Census unified-school-district estimates mapped onto the ~180 standard districts via the dimension's district_census_id.","valid_values":null,"example":"667","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"11-digit census tract GEOID (2020 boundaries). Populated only on tract-level rows.","valid_values":null,"example":"13135050440","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"age_band","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Age Band","short_description":"Under 6 or 6 to 17; 'all' is every own child under 18.","description":"Age of the child: under_6 (under 6 years) or 6_17 (6 to 17 years); 'all' is all own children under 18. A partition: under_6 + 6_17 = all on every row combination. The 'all' row at living_arrangement 'all' with both nativity axes at 'all' is the published B05009 total (cell 001); under_6 and 6_17 at that pin are the published subtotals 002 and 020; every other age_band 'all' row is the derived exact sum of its under_6 and 6_17 cells.","valid_values":["all","under_6","6_17"],"example":"under_6","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"living_arrangement","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Living Arrangement","short_description":"Lives with two parents or with one parent.","description":"Whether the child lives with two parents or one parent (the Census family / subfamily structure); 'all' is both together. A partition: two_parents + one_parent = all on every row combination. Rows at 'all' with either nativity axis away from 'all' are derived exact sums of the two arrangement cells.","valid_values":["all","two_parents","one_parent"],"example":"two_parents","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"parent_nativity","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Parent Nativity","short_description":"Whether at least one co-resident parent was born abroad; pin to any_foreign_born_parent for children of immigrants.","description":"Nativity of the child's co-resident parent(s), collapsed to the pair defined in both living arrangements: any_foreign_born_parent (two parents: both foreign-born or one native and one foreign-born, B05009 cells 007 + 010; one parent: foreign-born parent, cell 017) vs no_foreign_born_parent (both parents native, cell 006; native parent, cell 016), and their 6-17 counterparts. 'all' is the arrangement subtotal. A partition: any + no = all at child_nativity 'all'. any_foreign_born_parent is the headline 'children of immigrants' measure; foreign-born includes naturalized citizens. Under two_parents, any_foreign_born_parent splits further on parent_nativity_detail. Under no_foreign_born_parent the only child_nativity row is 'all'.","valid_values":["all","any_foreign_born_parent","no_foreign_born_parent"],"example":"any_foreign_born_parent","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"parent_nativity_detail","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Parent Nativity Detail","short_description":"Two-parent families: both parents foreign-born, or one native and one foreign-born; pin living_arrangement to two_parents and parent_nativity to any_foreign_born_parent to use it.","description":"The two-parent split of any_foreign_born_parent (added in contract 1.1.0): both_foreign_born (both co-resident parents foreign-born; B05009 cells 007 under 6 / 025 aged 6-17) vs one_native_one_foreign_born (one native and one foreign-born parent; 010 / 028), each with its child_nativity split (008/009, 011/012; 026/027, 029/030). 'all' is the parent total and the only value on every other row: values other than 'all' exist only at living_arrangement = 'two_parents' and parent_nativity = 'any_foreign_born_parent', where they partition it (a lone parent is simply foreign-born, so there is no split under one_parent or at living_arrangement 'all'). The age_band 'all' rows are the exact sum of the under_6 and 6_17 cells.","valid_values":["all","both_foreign_born","one_native_one_foreign_born"],"example":"both_foreign_born","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"child_nativity","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Child Nativity","short_description":"Whether the child was born in the U.S. or abroad.","description":"The child's own nativity: native (born in the U.S., Puerto Rico, a U.S. Island Area, or abroad to a U.S.-citizen parent) or foreign_born; 'all' is the subtotal. A partition where published: native + foreign_born = all under parent_nativity 'all' and 'any_foreign_born_parent'. The source has no child-nativity split for children with no foreign-born parent, so under no_foreign_born_parent only 'all' exists (nothing is derived). Most children of immigrants are native: pin parent_nativity to any_foreign_born_parent and read the native / foreign_born rows.","valid_values":["all","native","foreign_born"],"example":"native","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"children_count","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Children Count","short_description":"Estimated own children under 18 in the age / arrangement / parent-nativity / child-nativity category.","description":"ACS 5-year estimate of the number of own children under 18 in families and subfamilies in the (age_band, living_arrangement, parent_nativity, child_nativity) cell: the published B05009 cell where one exists (the three subtotals and the finest age x arrangement rows, the two-parent parent_nativity_detail rows included), else the exact sum of the published member cells (two-parent any_foreign_born_parent rows at parent_nativity_detail 'all' and every other rollup to an 'all' age band or arrangement). Survey estimate, not a full count - see children_count_moe.","valid_values":null,"example":244629,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL would mean the Census published an annotation code instead of an estimate for the cell or for a member cell of a derived row; no cell is masked in vintages 2020-2024 (B05009 publishes no sentinels).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"children_count_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Children Count Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for children_count. Published margins are served as-is (cast to float, never rounded); derived rows carry the Census sqrt-sum-of-squares approximation over the published member-cell margins under the zero-estimate rule (of member cells whose estimate is 0 only the largest margin enters; non-integer). Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL would mean a Census annotation code (controlled or suppressed cell) on the cell or on a member cell of a derived row; no margin is NULL in vintages 2020-2024 - B05009 publishes no sentinels.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"children_count","numeric_filter_columns":["children_count","children_count_moe"],"usage":"Star-schema fact table. Join the districts dimension on district_code; the counties dimension on county_fips; the tracts dimension on tract_geoid. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Universe: OWN children under 18 living in families and subfamilies - excludes children living with non-parent relatives (e.g. with grandparents and no parent present), foster and other unrelated children, and children in group quarters; parents' nativity refers to the co-resident parent(s) only, and a foreign-born parent may be a naturalized citizen. parent_nativity and child_nativity are two overlapping partitions of the same children: each is a complete breakdown when the other is pinned to 'all', and adding across both double-counts. The child_nativity split exists only under parent_nativity 'all' and 'any_foreign_born_parent'; under 'no_foreign_born_parent' the only row is child_nativity 'all' (the source has no such cell and none is derived). The three published subtotals (all ages / all arrangements, and each age band at all arrangements) carry published margins; every other age_band 'all' or living_arrangement 'all' row, and every two_parents x any_foreign_born_parent row at parent_nativity_detail 'all' (007 + 010, 025 + 028, ...), is derived as the exact sum of published B05009 cells with a Census sqrt-sum-of-squares margin under the zero-estimate rule (non-integer, served as a float) - including the headline all-ages, all-arrangements count of children with at least one foreign-born parent (the parent_nativity_detail rows at a specific age band are the published cells 007-012 / 025-030 with published margins). parent_nativity_detail splits any_foreign_born_parent under two_parents into both_foreign_born and one_native_one_foreign_born; its values other than 'all' exist only at living_arrangement 'two_parents' and parent_nativity 'any_foreign_born_parent', where they partition it (a lone parent is simply foreign-born). B05009 publishes no annotation sentinels in vintages 2020-2024, so no margin is NULL. ACS 5-year period estimates: the year column is the vintage END year and each estimate pools five years of survey responses (2024 = 2020-2024). Consecutive vintages share about 80% of their sample, so the series is heavily smoothed - never difference overlapping vintages as if they were annual change. Estimates are survey-based and carry 90% margins of error (the *_moe columns); tract-level margins can be large relative to the estimate. All levels serve vintages 2020-2024 only, on 2020-vintage tract boundaries. State rows have NULL county_fips, district_code, and tract_geoid; county rows carry only county_fips, district rows only district_code, tract rows only tract_geoid. District rows cover the ~180 standard (city/county) districts only: the Census publishes school-district estimates at unified school district geography, which has no codes for charter schools, RESAs, or state agencies, and its few Census-only districts (e.g. the Fort Stewart military district) have no GCD district code and are dropped.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"schema_hash":"196580c375ec6fbdc35b0483bc8f61fd557e701ef86ecd4c51db3fb16cf8fbb2","tags":["census","u.s. census bureau, american community survey 5-year estimates","children_of_immigrants"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, district_code, tract_geoid, age_band, living_arrangement, parent_nativity, parent_nativity_detail, child_nativity (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2024), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM children_of_immigrants WHERE year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"District 667 in 2024","query":"SELECT * FROM children_of_immigrants WHERE district_code = '667' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by age_band = under_6","query":"SELECT * FROM children_of_immigrants WHERE age_band = 'under_6' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"district_code","target_object":"districts","target_columns":["district_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["district_name","district_census_id","district_type"],"scope":"domain"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null,"note":"one or more exact years (comma list or repeated)"},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","districts","states","tracts"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"district_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"district_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"age_band","kind":"categorical","column":"age_band","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","under_6","6_17"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"living_arrangement","kind":"categorical","column":"living_arrangement","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","two_parents","one_parent"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"parent_nativity","kind":"categorical","column":"parent_nativity","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","any_foreign_born_parent","no_foreign_born_parent"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"parent_nativity_detail","kind":"categorical","column":"parent_nativity_detail","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","both_foreign_born","one_native_one_foreign_born"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"child_nativity","kind":"categorical","column":"child_nativity","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","native","foreign_born"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"district_type","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"districts","column":"district_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["commission_charter","resa","standard","state_agency","state_charter","state_school","state_special"]},{"param":"children_count_min","kind":"metric_bound","column":"children_count","type":"number","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null,"op":"at least (>=)"},{"param":"children_count_max","kind":"metric_bound","column":"children_count","type":"number","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null,"op":"at most (<=)"},{"param":"children_count_moe_min","kind":"metric_bound","column":"children_count_moe","type":"number","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null,"op":"at least (>=)"},{"param":"children_count_moe_max","kind":"metric_bound","column":"children_count_moe","type":"number","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null,"op":"at most (<=)"}],"filter_hints":[{"primary":"parent_nativity","dependent":"parent_nativity_detail","note":"parent_nativity_detail values other than 'all' exist only under parent_nativity any_foreign_born_parent (with living_arrangement two_parents) - pin both before breaking down by detail; under the default 'all' pins the only detail row is 'all'."},{"primary":"living_arrangement","dependent":"parent_nativity_detail","note":"parent_nativity_detail values other than 'all' exist only under living_arrangement two_parents (with parent_nativity any_foreign_born_parent) - a lone parent is simply foreign-born, so there is no detail under one_parent or at living_arrangement 'all'."}],"non_additive":[],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":null,"recommended_query":{"metric":"children_count","detail":"counties","filters":{"age_band":["all"],"living_arrangement":["all"],"parent_nativity":["all"],"parent_nativity_detail":["all"],"child_nativity":["all"]},"required_choices":[],"ranking":{"how":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/rows?year=2024&age_band=all&living_arrangement=all&parent_nativity=all&parent_nativity_detail=all&child_nativity=all&sort=-children_count&limit=N (sort=-col for top, sort=col for bottom)","note":"Rank within a single year (add year=<year>, default the latest available) and keep the pins above so rows are comparable; NULL (suppressed) metrics sort last either way."},"dependent_filters":[{"primary":"parent_nativity","dependent":"parent_nativity_detail","note":"parent_nativity_detail values other than 'all' exist only under parent_nativity any_foreign_born_parent (with living_arrangement two_parents) - pin both before breaking down by detail; under the default 'all' pins the only detail row is 'all'.","how":"The default parent_nativity pin can exclude every parent_nativity_detail value. To filter parent_nativity_detail, set parent_nativity to the value(s) that publish it (query without the parent_nativity filter once to see them); to rank or group parent_nativity_detail, also exclude its total value so subtotals never rank beside their parts. An empty result carries a dependent_filter_mismatch advisory naming the value needed; rows listing either column while the other is filtered to its total carry a dependent_filter_omitted advisory when that total leaves some values out."},{"primary":"living_arrangement","dependent":"parent_nativity_detail","note":"parent_nativity_detail values other than 'all' exist only under living_arrangement two_parents (with parent_nativity any_foreign_born_parent) - a lone parent is simply foreign-born, so there is no detail under one_parent or at living_arrangement 'all'.","how":"The default living_arrangement pin can exclude every parent_nativity_detail value. To filter parent_nativity_detail, set living_arrangement to the value(s) that publish it (query without the living_arrangement filter once to see them); to rank or group parent_nativity_detail, also exclude its total value so subtotals never rank beside their parts. An empty result carries a dependent_filter_mismatch advisory naming the value needed; rows listing either column while the other is filtered to its total carry a dependent_filter_omitted advisory when that total leaves some values out."}],"reason":"metric=children_count; age_band pinned to all; living_arrangement pinned to all; parent_nativity pinned to all; parent_nativity_detail pinned to all; child_nativity pinned to all; paired filters: parent_nativity->parent_nativity_detail, living_arrangement->parent_nativity_detail (see dependent_filters before filtering the second column)","url":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/rows?detail=counties&age_band=all&living_arrangement=all&parent_nativity=all&parent_nativity_detail=all&child_nativity=all"},"example_requests":[{"description":"The recommended view for 2024","url":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/rows?year=2024&age_band=all&living_arrangement=all&parent_nativity=all&parent_nativity_detail=all&child_nativity=all"},{"description":"Every row matching the recommended view, as CSV","url":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/download?format=csv&age_band=all&living_arrangement=all&parent_nativity=all&parent_nativity_detail=all&child_nativity=all"},{"description":"The 10 highest children_count values in 2024","url":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/rows?year=2024&age_band=all&living_arrangement=all&parent_nativity=all&parent_nativity_detail=all&child_nativity=all&sort=-children_count&limit=10"},{"description":"Georgia's published statewide figures by year","url":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/rows?detail=states&age_band=all&living_arrangement=all&parent_nativity=all&parent_nativity_detail=all&child_nativity=all&sort=year"}],"parameters":{"paging":"limit (default 1000, at most 10000) and offset; JSON pages carry links.next","sort":"sort=-col,col2 (- for descending); NULLs sort last","columns":"columns=a,b returns only those columns","format":"json (default), csv or parquet; csv/parquet without limit return every matching row","numeric":"{metric}_min / {metric}_max, or numeric_filters (JSON)","numeric_filter_columns":["children_count","children_count_moe"],"projectable_columns":["age_band","child_nativity","children_count","children_count_moe","county_fips","county_name","district_census_id","district_code","district_name","district_type","living_arrangement","parent_nativity","parent_nativity_detail","tract_geoid","tract_name","year"],"filter_parameters":["age_band","child_nativity","children_count_max","children_count_min","children_count_moe_max","children_count_moe_min","county_fips","district_code","district_type","living_arrangement","parent_nativity","parent_nativity_detail","tract_geoid"]},"endpoints":{"rows":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/rows","query":"POST /api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/query","values":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/values","aggregate":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/aggregate","download":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/download","contract":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/contract","openapi":"/api/v1/datasets/children_of_immigrants/openapi.json"},"updated_at":"2026-09-26T15:47:56+00:00"}