{"main_topic":"education","sub_topic":"school_zones","topic":"school_zone_income","key":"education/school_zones/school_zone_income","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2027,"year_max":2027,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"as zones change and each December (new ACS 5-year release)","detail_levels":["schools"],"default_detail":"schools","path_template":"education/school_zone_income/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","district_code","school_code","zone_level"],"title":"School Zone Household Income","summary":"What households living in each Georgia public school's attendance zone earn: median and mean household income, all households.","description":"Household income of all households living in each Georgia public school's attendance zone: estimated households, median household income (the key metric) and mean household income, each with a 90 percent margin of error, from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates (2024 dollars). A zone that is its whole school district carries the Census's own figures for that district (tables B19001, B19013 and B19025), and one that is its whole county the county's (estimate_source). Every other zone is built from block-group estimates (tables B19001 and B19025), placed in the zone by the school_attendance_zone_block_groups crosswalk's 2020 household shares: the zone's income distribution is the weighted sum of its block groups' 16 income brackets, the median is interpolated in it, and the mean is aggregate income over households. One row per school and zone level. year is the school year the zones are in effect for (2027 = 2026-27).","explorer":true,"source":"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey tables B19001, B19013 and B19025 for school districts, counties and block groups (the 2020-2024 five-year release); school attendance zones and their 2020 census block group crosswalk (this platform's school_attendance_zones and school_attendance_zone_block_groups topics, weighted by 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 households).","source_url":"https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2024.B19001?g=040XX00US13$1500000","endpoint":"/api/v1/education/school_zone_income","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"School year the zones are in effect for, as its ending calendar year (2027 = 2026-27). The income is the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimate, in 2024 dollars.","valid_values":null,"example":2027,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":false,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"GOSA district code (FK to the districts dimension).","valid_values":null,"example":"667","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"school_code","type":"string","role":"fk_school","nullable":false,"label":"School Code","short_description":"","description":"4-digit GOSA school code (composite FK to the schools dimension with district_code): the zone's school.","valid_values":null,"example":"0177","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"zone_level","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Zone Level","short_description":"Elementary, middle or high zone.","description":"The level of the school's zone: elementary, middle or high, as the crosswalk gives it. Most schools have one; a school with zones at two or three levels (a K-8, a 6-12, a K-12 school) has a row for each, and its zones can differ in area. A school drawing a single grade at two levels is counted at the lower one, as on the crosswalk.","valid_values":["elementary","middle","high"],"example":"elementary","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_households","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":false,"label":"Number Households","short_description":"","description":"Estimated households in the zone (ACS B19001): for a whole-district or whole-county zone, the Census's estimate for the district or county; otherwise each block group's households times the share of its 2020 households living in the zone, added over the zone's block groups, rounded to whole households. Income figures are shown only where this is at least 50.","valid_values":null,"example":2961,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_households_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":false,"label":"Number Households Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error of num_households: the published margin for a whole district or county; otherwise the root sum of squares of the block groups' weighted margins (Census zero-cell rule). Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"median_household_income","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Median Household Income","short_description":"Median household income of the zone's households, 2024 dollars.","description":"Median household income in the past 12 months, 2024 dollars. For a whole-district or whole-county zone, the Census's published median for it (B19013). Otherwise interpolated linearly in the zone's income distribution (the weighted sum of its block groups' 16 B19001 brackets, under $10,000 to $200,000 or more), where 200001 means $200,000 or more: not a Census median, applied to single block groups it lands within about 3% of the published median for half of them.","valid_values":null,"example":61250,"unit":"currency","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Withheld by this topic: the zone has fewer than 50 estimated households, or the median's 90 percent margin of error exceeds the median.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"median_household_income_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Median Household Income Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error of the median, dollars: the published B19013 margin for a whole district or county. For a block-group median, the Census confidence-interval method for a median from a distribution, with the 50th percentile's standard error derived from the brackets' published margins in place of the Census design factor, and the addition form used when the proportion form's radicand is under a quarter of it (this widens about 1% of margins). Applied to single block groups it runs about 1.06 times the published margin.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"currency","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL when the median is NULL, top-coded (200001), or so uncertain that the upper end of its interval falls in the open-ended $200,000-or-more bracket (block-group medians only).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"mean_household_income","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Mean Household Income","short_description":"","description":"Mean household income, 2024 dollars: aggregate household income (B19025) over households. For a whole district or county, its published aggregate and households; otherwise both weighted sums over the zone's block groups with a published aggregate (those hold at least 99% of the zone's households wherever a mean is shown).","valid_values":null,"example":74310,"unit":"currency","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL when the zone has fewer than 50 estimated households, when block groups whose aggregate income the Census withheld hold more than 1% of the zone's households, or when the mean's 90 percent margin of error exceeds the mean.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"mean_household_income_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Mean Household Income Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error of the mean, dollars (Census ratio formula; conservative, as it omits the positive covariance of aggregate income and households).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"currency","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL exactly when the mean is NULL.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"estimate_source","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Estimate Source","short_description":"Where the row's figures come from.","description":"school_district: the zone is its whole school district (the district's only zone at every grade the school serves at this level), so the row carries the Census's own figures for the district; county: the zone is its whole county but not a whole district (a zone adding an area outside the district's unified outline, as a military base's high school area), so the county's own figures; block_groups: built from the zone's block groups (every other zone).","valid_values":["school_district","county","block_groups"],"example":"block_groups","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"zone_differs_by_grade","type":"boolean","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Zone Differs by Grade","short_description":"","description":"True when the school's zone at this level is not the same area at every grade it serves (a phased-in rezoning, or a neighbouring school serving only some grades): the row then describes the zone averaged over those grades. False for most zones.","valid_values":null,"example":false,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"median_household_income","usage":"One row per school zone: a school with zones at two levels (a K-8 school's elementary and middle zones) has a row for each, so pin zone_level. A zone that is its whole school district carries the district's published figures, the same on every such row of the district (estimate_source school_district); one that is its whole county but not its district (a zone adding an area outside the district's unified outline, as a military base's high school area) carries the county's (county). Compare two zones' medians only when their margins of error do not overlap. Medians and means never add or average across rows, and num_households never adds across rows: the levels' zones hold the same homes, and so do the zones of schools that split one level's grades (a K-2 primary and a 3-5 elementary, a 9th-grade campus and a 10-12 high school).","limitations":"A zone that is its whole school district, or its whole county, carries the Census's own published figures for it (estimate_source); the district figures are for the district's boundary in the ACS release. Every other zone's estimates are built from census block groups (the smallest areas the American Community Survey publishes income for), not surveyed in the zone: each block group's households and their income distribution are placed in the zone in proportion to the share of its 2020 census households living there, so a zone that holds part of a block group gets that block group's income mix. All households only: no breakdown by race or other group (the Census publishes none by block group). Income is the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimate in 2024 dollars, while the zones are those in effect for the 2026-27 school year and the household weights are the 2020 census; a later school year will pair its zones with the newest ACS release, and consecutive releases share most of their sample, so a difference between years is not annual change. A block-group median is interpolated from 16 income brackets (applied to block groups it lands within 3% of the Census's published median for half of them; applied to the whole-district and whole-county zones, within 1.0% of the published median for half of them and 4.1% for nine in ten); a median in the open-ended top bracket is top-coded 200001 ('$200,000 or more'). The mean is NULL where the Census withheld the aggregate income of block groups holding more than 1% of the zone's households. Margins of error (90%) of block-group estimates use the Census approximation formulas and do not include the error of placing block group households in zones. A median or mean whose margin of error exceeds the estimate is withheld (NULL: 1 median and no means). Others remain very uncertain (8 medians with a margin over half the median, 3 means over half the mean): read every figure with its margin. Coverage is the crosswalk's: districts whose zones were collected; a zone's gaps and stale boundaries carry through (see the school_attendance_zones topic). A row averages the zone over its grades where the zone differs by grade (zone_differs_by_grade). Zones are not enrollment: the households are the zone's residents, not the school's students' families.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2027],"schema_hash":"ead1d3d8f3fc692e7d3e78566cfd5eaf42399f9e0a6e6af3807fbb18e7f7569b","tags":["education","u.s. census bureau, american community survey tables b19001, b19013 and b19025 for school districts, counties and block groups","school_zone_income"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, district_code, school_code, zone_level.","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2027), schools detail","query":"SELECT * FROM school_zone_income WHERE year = 2027 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"District 667 in 2027","query":"SELECT * FROM school_zone_income WHERE district_code = '667' AND year = 2027 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by zone_level = elementary","query":"SELECT * FROM school_zone_income WHERE zone_level = 'elementary' AND year = 2027 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"district_code","target_object":"districts","target_columns":["district_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["district_name","district_census_id","district_type"],"scope":"domain"},{"column":"school_code","target_object":"schools","target_columns":["district_code","school_code"],"attribute_columns_added":["school_name"],"scope":"domain"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["schools"],"default":"schools"},{"param":"district_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"district_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"school_code","kind":"foreign_key","column":"school_code","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"zone_level","kind":"categorical","column":"zone_level","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["elementary","middle","high"],"has_total":false,"total_value":null,"requires_single_value":true,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"estimate_source","kind":"categorical","column":"estimate_source","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["school_district","county","block_groups"],"has_total":false,"total_value":null,"requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"zone_differs_by_grade","kind":"categorical","column":"zone_differs_by_grade","type":"boolean","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null,"has_total":false,"total_value":null,"requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"district_type","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"districts","column":"district_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["commission_charter","resa","standard","state_agency","state_charter","state_school","state_special"]},{"param":"school_level","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"schools","column":"school_level","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["elementary","middle","high","k12","other"]},{"param":"locale","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"schools","column":"locale","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["city","suburb","town","rural"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"zone_level","reason":"Each level's zones cover the same homes again (a home is in an elementary, a middle and a high school zone), so households summed across zone_level are counted up to three times. Pin one level.","metrics":["num_households","num_households_moe"]},{"column":"school_code","reason":"Where a level's grades are split between schools (a K primary, a 1-2 and a 3-4 school; a 9th-grade campus and a 10-12 high school), each school's zone holds the same homes, so households summed across schools can count them two to four times.","metrics":["num_households","num_households_moe"]}],"value_implications":[],"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/education/school_zone_income/values"}