{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"oasis","topic":"births","key":"health/oasis/births","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2000,"year_max":2025,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/births/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","demographic","mother_age"],"title":"Births (Georgia OASIS)","summary":"Live births, birth rate and general fertility rate by the mother's race and ethnicity and age, Georgia and its counties, 2000-2025 (DPH OASIS).","description":"Live births to Georgia-resident mothers, by the mother's county of residence, Georgia and each of its 159 counties, 2000-2025, overall, by the mother's race and ethnicity and by the mother's age (never crossed), from Georgia DPH's OASIS: OASIS's birth rate per 1,000 females (key metric: females aged 10-55, or of the row's age group), its general fertility rate per 1,000 women 15-44 (all-ages rows), the number of births and the female population 15-44. Use it for birth counts, fertility trends, and births by race and by mother's age, including teen births (15_17 and 18_19). The Census Bureau's estimated births (census/estimated_births) cover July-June years, per 1,000 residents: a different count and rate. Birth outcomes, prenatal care, tobacco use, breastfeeding and payer come from the same OASIS records in other topics.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["babies born","birth counts","fertility rate","general fertility","teen births","live births","number of babies","newborns","maternal age","natality"],"es":["bebés nacidos","natalidad","tasa de fertilidad","nacimientos de adolescentes","nacidos vivos","recién nacidos","fecundidad","edad materna","número de bebés"]},"source":"Georgia Department of Public Health, Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP), OASIS Data Table Tool, Births; female population: OASIS population module (Census Bureau estimates as OASIS publishes them)","source_url":"https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/birth","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/births","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Calendar year of birth, 2000-2025.","valid_values":null,"example":2025,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit FIPS of the mother's county of residence (FK to the counties dimension); NULL on Georgia's statewide row.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: state and county rows only.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"","description":"The mother's race and ethnicity: all; hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial, plus race_unknown (our calculation: all minus those seven; unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race). The race groups add up to all except where our race mask NULLs them (over 20% of a county-year's births of unknown race, 2000-2012). A race group's row has mother_age = 'all' (never crossed).","valid_values":["all","asian","black","hispanic","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"mother_age","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Mother Age","short_description":"Mother's age group at the birth","description":"The mother's age at the birth, OASIS's groups: all, 10_14, 15_17, 18_19, 20_24, 25_29, 30_34, 35_39, 40_44 and 45_55 (to 55 inclusive). The groups add up to all. A mother's age row has demographic = 'all' (never crossed). Teen births are 15_17 plus 18_19 (OASIS publishes no 15-19 rate).","valid_values":["10_14","15_17","18_19","20_24","25_29","30_34","35_39","40_44","45_55","all"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"birth_rate_per_1k_females","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Birth Rate per 1k Females","short_description":"Births per 1,000 females (aged 10-55, or of the row's age group)","description":"OASIS's birth rate: births per 1,000 females of the same ages in the place and group. On a mother_age = 'all' row the females are aged 10-55 (so it is not the general fertility rate, nor births per 1,000 residents); on a mother's age row, the females of that age group (the age-specific birth rate: 15_17 and 18_19 give the teen rates). Race rows divide by the group's females 10-55. Never add or average it across rows. 0 where the group had no births; NULL where a race group has no residents in the place. Georgia 2025: 35.8 (125,143 births); 15_17: 6.2. The highest, 964.0 (multiracial, county 13051, 2008: 1,153 births), is preserved as published: it is the 2007-2008 race recording break (see limitations), not a small group's rate. Race-group rates of counties run far low where many births have no recorded race (through 2012; see limitations); above 20% they are NULL (our mask).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: the population OASIS divides by is zero (code -2, 59 rows); the count exceeds the population OASIS divides by (code -3, 2 rows); OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 12,199 rows); no residents in the group (population 0) and no births, where OASIS shows 0: a rate on no population is undefined (our mask, 592 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). Never recompute a withheld rate from the counts. NULL where a race group's residents include nobody aged 10-59 (our mask: no females of the rate's ages; OASIS shows 0; 195 rows). NULL on every race group's row of a place-year whose births are more than 20% race_unknown (our mask; 97 place-years): their counts miss the unknowns, so their rates run low.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"general_fertility_rate_per_1k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"General Fertility Rate per 1k","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's general fertility rate: births to mothers of any age per 1,000 women aged 15-44 in the place and group, the standard national fertility measure; all-ages rows only. On the totals it equals num_births x 1,000 / num_females_15_44; combine places as SUM(num_births) * 1000 / SUM(num_females_15_44). Race rows divide by the group's women 15-44 (not published here, so they do not pool). Georgia 2025: 53.4. The highest, 960.0 (hispanic, county 13193, 2008: 72 births), is preserved as published: the 2008 Hispanic spike of the race recording break (see limitations).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: the population OASIS divides by is zero (code -2, 90 rows); the count exceeds the population OASIS divides by (code -3, 18 rows); OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 5,937 rows); no residents in the group (population 0) and no births, where OASIS shows 0: a rate on no population is undefined (our mask, 592 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). Never recompute a withheld rate from the counts. Always NULL on mother's age rows: OASIS's figure there divides the group's births by all women 15-44 of the place (not a rate of the group; 31,218 published cells not carried). NULL where a race group's residents include nobody aged 10-59 (our mask: no females of the rate's ages; OASIS shows 0; 195 rows). NULL on every race group's row of a place-year whose births are more than 20% race_unknown (our mask; 97 place-years): their counts miss the unknowns, so their rates run low.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_births","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Births","short_description":"","description":"Live births to mothers resident in the place, in the group. OASIS publishes every count, however small. race_unknown is our subtraction from OASIS's counts. Georgia 2025: 125,143.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL on every race group's row of a place-year whose births are more than 20% race_unknown (our mask; 97 place-years): their counts miss the unknowns, so their rates run low. The all, mother's age and race_unknown rows always carry it.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_females_15_44","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Females 15 44","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's female population aged 15-44 in the place (its population module: Census Bureau estimates as OASIS publishes them), the denominator of general_fertility_rate_per_1k. Counties add up to Georgia. Georgia 2025: 2,341,527.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Present only on the all-ages totals (demographic = 'all', mother_age = 'all'): OASIS's population module has no female population by race, and the fertility rate is not carried on mother's age rows.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"birth_rate_per_1k_females","numeric_filter_columns":["birth_rate_per_1k_females","general_fertility_rate_per_1k","num_births","num_females_15_44"],"usage":"Compare places, race groups or mother's ages with birth_rate_per_1k_females (per 1,000 females of the row's ages); never add or average it across rows. For the standard fertility measure use general_fertility_rate_per_1k on mother_age = 'all' rows. Pin demographic = 'all' and mother_age = 'all' for totals; the two are never crossed, so filter one and leave the other at 'all'. Births add up across counties and across mother's ages on every row, and across the race groups (with race_unknown), except that a race group's births are NULL in the 97 county-years (2000-2012) where over 20% of births lack race: a race group's SUM across counties skips them and falls short of Georgia's row there. To combine places, SUM(num_births) * 1000 / SUM(num_females_15_44) over all-ages totals is their fertility rate (pooled_rates), equal to general_fertility_rate_per_1k on a single row; race groups do not pool (no population). Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Live births to Georgia-resident mothers by county of residence. birth_rate_per_1k_females is births per 1,000 females aged 10-55 (or the row's age group), not per 1,000 residents (unlike census/estimated_births). general_fertility_rate_per_1k (per 1,000 women 15-44) is the standard measure. Rates are NULL on 1-4 births. Race groups break in 2007-2008 (recording, our reading): compare them from 2010 (Georgia) or 2013 (counties); NULL where over 20% of a place-year's births lack race (our mask). Live births to mothers who live in Georgia, placed by the mother's county of residence (not where the birth happened); OASIS counts births, not pregnancies, so twins are two births. demographic and mother_age are never crossed: a race group's row has mother_age = 'all', and a mother's age row has demographic = 'all'. OASIS publishes every birth count, however small, and withholds rates on 1-4 births (NULL here); the platform adds no suppression of its own and never recomputes a withheld rate. 22% of rows with at least one birth have no birth rate, mostly 1-4 births in small counties and groups. A race group with no residents in a county has no rate (NULL; OASIS shows 0, our mask), and neither has one whose residents include nobody aged 10-59 (our mask: no females of the rates' ages); one with residents of those ages but no females 10-55 keeps OASIS's 0, which the population module cannot tell apart (it has no female population by race). Where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of a place-year's births (race_unknown / all), the race groups' births and rates for that place and year are NULL (our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items): each group's count would miss its share of the unknowns, so its rate runs low and its trend follows the recording, not the group. The all, mother's age and race_unknown rows are kept, so the unknown share stays visible. That covers 97 place-years (2000-2012, 19 counties; 679 race-group rows). The race groups' series break in 2007-2008, which looks like a change in how the mother's race was recorded (our reading; OASIS documents none): multiracial births rose from 648 in 2006 to 3,538 in 2007 and 6,961 in 2008, then held between 2,487 and 3,499 a year from 2010, so multiracial figures of 2007-2009 are not comparable with other years (the highest rate here, 964 per 1,000, is multiracial births in county 13051 in 2008); white births fell from 66,940 to 57,568 and native_american births from 215 to 91 in 2008. race_unknown (unknown ethnicity, and in 2008-2016 also births recorded with no race) peaks at 5.1% of Georgia's births in 2009 (0.6% in 2025), so the race groups run that much low. Counties break harder and for longer: in 84 county-years of 2000-2012 (none since; 17 counties) more than 25% of births have no recorded race or ethnicity, up to 78%, most often in Catoosa, Dade and Walker (the Tennessee border) and in Tift and nearby counties from 2007, so OASIS's race groups for those county-years run far low (Tift: 414 of its births in 2011 had no recorded race or ethnicity, and OASIS counts its black births as 16 in 2011 and 199 in 2015). Hispanic births spiked in Sumter, Walton and Macon in 2008-2009 (Sumter: 92, 336, 290 and 56 in 2007-2010), so Sumter's and Macon's Hispanic fertility rates of 2008 are 954.5 and 960.0 per 1,000. Compare a county's race groups over time from 2013 only (its race_unknown share has been at most 17% since). Those county-years, and the others with more than 20% of births of unknown race, have their race groups NULL here (our mask), Tift's 2011 black births among them. Race groups are the mother's race and ethnicity in the platform convention: hispanic is Hispanic of any race; white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial are non-Hispanic. race_unknown is our calculation, the total minus those seven (unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race), so the race groups add up to all where every group's count is published (our race mask NULLs them in the place-years where race is mostly unknown); it has no rate. mother_age is the mother's age at the birth in OASIS's groups (10_14, 15_17, 18_19, then five-year groups to 40_44, and 45_55); the groups add up to all. OASIS splits the teen years into 15_17 and 18_19 and publishes no 15-19 rate. The 45_55 group and the all-ages birth rate include mothers and females aged 55. OASIS's fertility rate on a mother's age row divides that group's births by all women 15-44 (the total's denominator), so it is not carried there. num_females_15_44 is OASIS's population module (females 15-44) on the all-ages totals only; num_births x 1,000 / num_females_15_44 reproduces every fertility rate there. Race rows have no population: OASIS's rates are kept as published and do not pool. 2025, the newest year, was added to OASIS on 2026-04-30; OASIS marks no year provisional. Counties add up to Georgia, and the mother's ages and the race groups (with race_unknown) to all, except a race group's births in the 97 county-years (2000-2012) our race mask NULLs: there a race group's counties fall short of Georgia's row, and the race groups of all. Not served here: OASIS's SES-vulnerability and payer rows (their rates divide every group's births by the whole place's females 10-55, so they are not rates of the group) and the mother's education. Birth outcomes, prenatal care, tobacco use, breastfeeding and payer are other topics. tract_geoid is always NULL.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"schema_hash":"23d16b5045a3aab4f1776901496b30b44baf09a215d9598272982bdb19b40047","tags":["health","georgia department of public health, office of health indicators for planning","births"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, demographic, mother_age (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2025), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM births WHERE year = 2025 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by mother_age = all","query":"SELECT * FROM births WHERE mother_age = 'all' AND year = 2025 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","hispanic","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"]},{"param":"mother_age","kind":"categorical","column":"mother_age","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["10_14","15_17","18_19","20_24","25_29","30_34","35_39","40_44","45_55","all"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[{"column":"general_fertility_rate_per_1k","numerator":"num_births","denominator":"num_females_15_44","scale":1000}],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":{"count":5,"reason":"OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 births (shown as * on OASIS), so no figure combined from fewer than 5 births is given."},"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/births/values"}