{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"oasis","topic":"breastfeeding","key":"health/oasis/breastfeeding","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2013,"year_max":2025,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/breastfeeding/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","demographic","mother_age","payer"],"title":"Breastfeeding at Hospital Discharge","summary":"Percent of live births breastfed at hospital discharge (among births of known status), by the mother's race and age and the payer, Georgia and its counties, 2013-2025 (DPH OASIS).","description":"Live births breastfed at hospital discharge (OASIS: births \"reported to be breastfed upon discharge\", from the birth certificate) to Georgia-resident mothers, by the mother's county of residence, Georgia and each of its 159 counties, 2013-2025: overall, by the mother's race and ethnicity, by the mother's age and by the payer for the delivery (never crossed), from Georgia DPH's OASIS. Key metric: OASIS's percent of the group's births of known breastfeeding status that were breastfed, as a proportion, with the births breastfed and all births beside it. Georgia 2025: 79.93% of births were breastfed at discharge (99,598 of 125,143 births, 540 of them of unknown status and left out of the percent); 75.1% for black mothers and 81.8% for white mothers; 73.8% of Medicaid-paid births and 84.8% of privately insured ones; 65.3% for mothers aged 15-17. OASIS publishes no breastfeeding figure before 2013. Use it for breastfeeding at discharge by county, race, mother's age or payer and over time. The births topic counts the same births (its num_births equals this topic's); birth outcomes, prenatal care and tobacco use are other topics.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["breastfed babies","breastfed births","breastfeeding rates","nursing newborns","infant feeding","lactation","hospital breastfeeding","maternal health","medicaid breastfeeding"],"es":["lactancia materna","dar pecho","amamantar","bebés amamantados","nacimientos amamantados","alimentación infantil","lactancia en hospital","salud materna","lactancia medicaid"]},"source":"Georgia Department of Public Health, Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP), OASIS Data Table Tool, Births (Births Breastfed and Percent Births Breastfed; birth certificates)","source_url":"https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/birth","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/breastfeeding","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Calendar year of birth, 2013-2025 (OASIS publishes no breastfeeding figure before 2013).","valid_values":null,"example":2025,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit FIPS of the mother's county of residence (FK to the counties dimension); NULL on Georgia's statewide row.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: state and county rows only.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"","description":"The mother's race and ethnicity: all; hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial, plus race_unknown (our calculation: all minus those seven; unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race; counts only, no percent). The race groups' counts add up to all where every group's is published (our masks NULL some: limitations). A race group's row has mother_age and payer = 'all' (never crossed).","valid_values":["all","asian","black","hispanic","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"mother_age","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Mother Age","short_description":"Mother's age group at the birth","description":"The mother's age at the birth, OASIS's groups: all, 10_14, 15_17, 18_19, 20_24, 25_29, 30_34, 35_39, 40_44 and 45_55 (to 55 inclusive). The groups' counts add up to all where every group's is published (our 20%-missing mask NULLs some: limitations). A mother's age row has demographic and payer = 'all' (never crossed).","valid_values":["10_14","15_17","18_19","20_24","25_29","30_34","35_39","40_44","45_55","all"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"payer","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Payer","short_description":"Payer for the delivery (Medicaid, private, ...)","description":"The primary payer for the delivery recorded on the birth certificate (OASIS: the primary entity responsible for payment): all (every one, OASIS's All Payors, the total); medicaid (Medicaid (Title XIX)); medicare (Medicare: people 65 and older, some disabled people under 65, and people with end-stage kidney disease); private_insurance (OASIS: Private Insurance, which includes Blue Cross/Blue Shield, HMO and other managed care, commercial insurance, PPO and POS plans and the State Health Benefit Plan); self_pay (OASIS: Self-Pay: no proof of insurance, patients filing their own claims or paying their own bills, Hill-Burton and charity cases); peachcare (PeachCare for Kids, Georgia's Children's Health Insurance Program, for children through 18 who do not qualify for Medicaid); other (OASIS: All other payors (all other plans)); unknown (OASIS: Unknown payors (no payer recorded)). The seven payers never overlap; their counts add up to all where every payer's is published (our 20%-missing mask NULLs some: limitations). Definitions: https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefBirth.html. Payer rows have demographic and mother_age = 'all' (never crossed). A payer's percent divides by that payer's own births of known breastfeeding status. medicare has births only in 2013 and 2014 and peachcare only in 2013, 2014 and 2016.","valid_values":["all","medicaid","medicare","private_insurance","self_pay","peachcare","other","unknown"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_of_births","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Percent of Births Breastfed","short_description":"Share of births breastfed at hospital discharge","description":"OASIS's percent of the group's live births breastfed at hospital discharge, as a proportion: num_births_breastfed over the group's births of known breastfeeding status (the same place, year and group; a mother's age group, race group or payer divides by its own births). OASIS leaves births of unknown status out of the denominator in every year, so the percent is at least num_births_breastfed / num_births and equal to it only where every birth's status is known; the births of known status are not published. Never average percents across rows. A 0 with births can rest on few births of known status (limitations). Georgia 2025: 0.7993 (99,598 breastfed of 125,143 births, 540 of unknown status).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"OASIS withholds the percent on 1-4 births breastfed (code -5, 8,362 rows over all years); where the group had no births at all in the place (num_births 0), OASIS shows 0 but a percent of no births is undefined (our mask, 9,464 rows); where OASIS's other rows prove none of the group's births had a known breastfeeding status, OASIS shows 0 but 0 of 0 is undefined (our mask, 163 rows; the count is NULL too); where more than 20% of the row's births have an unknown value for the measure, the percent and the count are NULL (our mask, OASIS's own threshold; 725 rows; num_births kept; 341 of them 0% or withheld rows that OASIS's other rows bound); a 0% or withheld percent no bound settles can't be tested and stays as published. race_unknown has no percent (our residual; OASIS publishes one only for its unknown-ethnicity cell, not served, see limitations). Never recompute a withheld percent from the counts.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_births_breastfed","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Births Breastfed","short_description":"","description":"Live births reported breastfed at hospital discharge (birth certificate) to mothers resident in the place, in the group. OASIS publishes every count, however small. race_unknown is our subtraction from OASIS's counts.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Where more than 20% of the row's births have an unknown value for the measure, the percent and the count are NULL (our mask, OASIS's own threshold; 725 rows; num_births kept; 341 of them 0% or withheld rows that OASIS's other rows bound); a 0% or withheld percent no bound settles can't be tested and stays as published. The count is NULL too on the 163 rows whose 0% is 0 of 0 (OASIS's other rows prove none of their births had a known status, so all of them are of unknown value; their percent is NULL by our 0-of-0 mask). race_unknown's count (all minus the race groups) is NULL where the all row's or a race group's is under these masks.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_births","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":false,"label":"Number Births","short_description":"","description":"Every live birth to mothers resident in the place, in the group (OASIS's Births), including births whose breastfeeding status is unknown, so it is not the percent's denominator (the births of known status, which OASIS does not publish). The same figures as the births topic's num_births (its demographic and mother_age rows) and births_by_payer's payer counts. race_unknown is our subtraction.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"pct_of_births","numeric_filter_columns":["pct_of_births","num_births_breastfed","num_births"],"usage":"Pin demographic = 'all', mother_age = 'all' and payer = 'all' for totals; the three breakdowns are never crossed, so filter one and leave the others at 'all'. Compare places, groups or years with pct_of_births. Never average percents across rows, and never use num_births_breastfed / num_births as the percent: num_births includes births of unknown status, so SUM(num_births_breastfed) / SUM(num_births) runs below OASIS's figure (for Georgia by 7.7 points in 2013 and 0.34 in 2025); use Georgia's own row for the state. The topic starts in 2013 (OASIS withholds earlier years); county figures in 2013-2014 and some county series (Fayette from 2015, Lowndes from 2020, Clarke 2024, Hall to 2023) reflect recording, and Georgia falls in 2024 (limitations). Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"OASIS's percent of a group's live births breastfed at hospital discharge, among births of known status: births of unknown status are left out of the denominator, so it is not num_births_breastfed / num_births. Only 2013-2025: OASIS withholds 2000-2012 (too many records missing). Rows with over 20% of births of unknown status are NULL (our mask; most in 2013-2014). Some county series jump, probably with hospital recording (Fayette: 90.0% in 2014, 61.3% in 2015). NULL on 1-4 breastfed births. OASIS codes every breastfeeding count and percent of 2000-2012 -4 (too many missing records, over 20%), so the topic starts in 2013. The item (is the infant being breastfed at discharge?) is on the revised birth certificate Georgia adopted in mid-2007 (per OASIS); our reading is that it was not collected before then and was too incomplete through 2012. OASIS leaves births of unknown breastfeeding status out of the percent's denominator (its definition), in every year: Georgia had 12,687 (9.9%) in 2013, 10,929 (8.4%) in 2014, 4,074 (3.1%) in 2015, then 320-1,721 a year (at most 1.3%). So the percent is above num_births_breastfed / num_births (for Georgia by 0.21-7.72 percentage points, most in 2013) and neither count is its numerator or denominator; the births of known status are not published. OASIS's over-20%-missing rule, which withholds 2000-2012, applies to whole years, not counties (our reading): 13 counties in 2013 and 7 counties in 2014 have more than 20% unknown (Glynn 2013: 95.2%; OASIS shows 30 breastfed of 47 known among 980 births, 63.8%), none after (at most 16.5%). We apply the rule per row: those county totals, and every other row over 20%, are masked (below). OASIS shows 0% wherever a group has births but none breastfed, even when none of them had a known status. Where OASIS's other rows prove that none had (the place's births of known status are all in the breakdown's other groups), the percent and its count are NULL: 0 of 0 is undefined, and every one of those births is of unknown status (our masks, 163 rows, such as Brantley's 24 births of unknown payer in 2013). Where they prove over 20% of its births of unknown status, the percent and count are NULL (the 20% mask below, 72 such 0% rows: Glynn's 171 births of unknown payer in 2013 show 0%, and at most 5 of them had a known status). Elsewhere, in a place and year with births of unknown status, a 0% can still rest on few births of known status (792 rows, 15 with 5+ births), served as published. 19 county-years with 300+ births move by more than 15 percentage points from the year before (13 counties): Fayette 90.0% in 2014, 61.3% in 2015 and 40.9%-46.2% since 2018; Lowndes 67.8% in 2019, 51.4% in 2020; Clarke 84.4%, 56.8% and 76.4% in 2023-2025. Our reading: the delivering hospital's recording, not a change in breastfeeding, so compare a county's years with care. Hall's percent sat at 98.2%-98.9% every year from 2013 to 2023 (2,433-2,820 births a year), then 84.0% in 2024, 76.4% in 2025: probably the delivering hospital's recording (our reading). Georgia's percent fell from 83.7% in 2023 to 80.7% in 2024, falling in 22 of the 30 counties with 1,000+ births; OASIS gives no reason, so read 2024 against earlier years with care. Live births to mothers who live in Georgia, placed by the mother's county of residence (not where the birth happened); OASIS counts births, not pregnancies, so twins are two births. Each percent divides by the group's own births of known breastfeeding status: a mother's age group, race group or payer by its births, not by all births in the place. demographic, mother_age and payer are never crossed: a row breaks down by one of them, the others at 'all' (OASIS's requests never cross them). OASIS publishes every count, however small, and withholds the percent on 1-4 births with the measure (NULL here); the platform adds no small-cell suppression of its own (its masks, below, are quality masks) and never recomputes a withheld percent. 24% of rows with births have no percent (withheld on 1-4 breastfed births, or NULLed by our masks), mostly small counties and groups. Where a group had no births in a place (num_births 0) the percent is NULL: OASIS shows 0, but a percent of no births is undefined (our mask; the counts stay 0). That covers 9,464 rows, mostly small race and age groups and payers. Where more than 20% of a row's births have an unknown value for the measure (OASIS leaves them out of its denominator), the percent and its count are NULL (our mask: OASIS's own 20% threshold, which it applies only to whole years); num_births is kept. That covers 725 rows (20 county totals); 341 of them are 0% or withheld rows (72 at 0% and 269 withheld), whose percent implies no denominator but whose births of known status OASIS's other rows bound: at most the place's known-status births (count / percent of its total row) less the breakdown's other groups'. A 0% or a withheld percent implies no denominator, so it can't be tested unless OASIS's other rows bound it; unbounded, it stays as published. Our race mask (the births topic's: race groups NULL where the mother's race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of a place-year's births) NULLs no row here: no place-year in these years is over 20%. Race groups are the mother's race and ethnicity in the platform convention: hispanic is Hispanic of any race; white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial are non-Hispanic. race_unknown is our calculation, the total minus those seven (unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race), so the race groups' counts add up to all where every one is published (our masks NULL some, below); it has no percent: OASIS publishes one only for its unknown-ethnicity cell, which equals race_unknown except in 2008-2016 (when race_unknown also holds non-Hispanic births of unknown race), so none is served, keeping one definition. race_unknown is 0.4%-2.6% of Georgia's births and at most 17% of a county's, so the race groups are comparable across these years. mother_age is the mother's age at the birth in OASIS's groups (10_14, 15_17, 18_19, then five-year groups to 40_44, and 45_55); the groups' counts add up to all where every one is published (our 20%-missing mask NULLs some, below). The payer is the principal payer for the delivery on the birth certificate, recorded in every year here; medicare has births only in 2013 and 2014 and peachcare only in 2013, 2014 and 2016 (the revised certificate has no box for either, our reading), so their other years have no births and no percent. Small groups give extreme percents (0% and 100%), preserved as published. Counties with 1,000+ births in 2025 range from 53.2% (county 13185) to 91.9% (county 13117); the lowest with 100+ births is 24.0% (county 13099, 2014). 2025, the newest year, was added to OASIS on 2026-04-30; OASIS marks no year provisional. Counties add up to Georgia, and the race groups (with race_unknown), mother's ages and payers to all, in both counts, wherever every count is published. Our masks NULL some (the 20%-missing mask 725 counts, 20 of them county totals, the 0-of-0 rows' 163, and 89 race_unknown counts), so a sum across counties or groups falls short where they apply; never rebuild a masked count by subtraction. Not served: OASIS's SES-vulnerability rows (their percents are valid, each dividing by the SES group's own births, but the platform has no SES group yet) and the mother's education. tract_geoid is always NULL.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"schema_hash":"968260eb83636c4b87190069a66606fee14e62a0bbf72c33ae553f5fa59ac4a1","tags":["health","georgia department of public health, office of health indicators for planning","breastfeeding"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, demographic, mother_age, payer (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2025), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM breastfeeding WHERE year = 2025 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by mother_age = all","query":"SELECT * FROM breastfeeding WHERE mother_age = 'all' AND year = 2025 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","hispanic","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"]},{"param":"mother_age","kind":"categorical","column":"mother_age","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["10_14","15_17","18_19","20_24","25_29","30_34","35_39","40_44","45_55","all"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"payer","kind":"categorical","column":"payer","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","medicaid","medicare","private_insurance","self_pay","peachcare","other","unknown"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":null,"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/breastfeeding/values"}