{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"oasis","topic":"congenital_syphilis","key":"health/oasis/congenital_syphilis","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2000,"year_max":2023,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/congenital_syphilis/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","demographic"],"title":"Congenital Syphilis","summary":"Congenital syphilis cases and rates per 100,000 live births by county, race and ethnicity, and sex, Georgia, 2000-2023 (DPH OASIS).","description":"New cases of congenital syphilis (syphilis passed from a pregnant woman to her baby) among Georgia residents, by county of residence, Georgia and each of its 159 counties, 2000-2023, as Georgia DPH's OASIS publishes them from case reports: the rate per 100,000 live births (key metric), the number of cases and the live births of the same year it divides by. Overall, by race and ethnicity (the mother's, presumably: see limitations) and by the baby's sex. Other sexually transmitted infections are their own topic, sexually_transmitted_infections.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["syphilis in babies","newborn syphilis","mother-to-baby syphilis","syphilis at birth","births with syphilis","syphilis during pregnancy","prenatal syphilis","infant syphilis","maternal syphilis","STI newborns"],"es":["sífilis en bebés","sífilis neonatal","sífilis madre a hijo","sífilis al nacer","sífilis durante el embarazo","sífilis prenatal","sífilis materna","nacimientos con sífilis","ITS en recién nacidos","sífilis infantil"]},"source":"Georgia Department of Public Health, Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP), OASIS Data Table Tool, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), Congenital Syphilis, from case reports to DPH; live births: OASIS births module","source_url":"https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/std","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/congenital_syphilis","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Calendar year OASIS assigns the case, 2000-2023 (OASIS does not say which date; CDC's national congenital syphilis counts use the year of birth). Births are the same calendar year's.","valid_values":null,"example":2023,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit FIPS of the county of residence (FK to the counties dimension; for this cause presumably the mother's, CDC's convention); NULL on Georgia's statewide row.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: state and county rows only.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"","description":"The group: all; race groups hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial, presumably the mother's (the rate divides by births by the mother's race and ethnicity), plus race_unknown (our calculation: all minus those seven; NULL wherever OASIS hides a count it subtracts); gender male and female, the baby's sex (cases of unknown sex are in all only). The race groups add up to all where every count is published; their cases, births and rates can be NULL where race is mostly unknown (our mask; see limitations). pacific_islander has no rows in 2000-2007, multiracial none in 2000-2007 and 2009 (not recorded on case reports).","valid_values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"congenital_syphilis_rate_per_100k_births","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Congenital Syphilis Rate per 100k Births","short_description":"Congenital syphilis cases per 100,000 live births","description":"OASIS's congenital syphilis rate: cases per 100,000 live births of the place, year and group (num_congenital_syphilis_cases x 100,000 / num_births, reproduced on every row whose births are known; male and female rows per 100,000 births of that sex). Combine several places or years as SUM(num_congenital_syphilis_cases) * 100000 / SUM(num_births) over rows where both are published, never for a single row (a withheld rate stays withheld); never add or average it across rows. 0 where there were no cases. Georgia 2023: 101.6 (127 cases, 125,005 births). The highest, 620.6 (county 13215, black, 2023: 7 cases, 1,128 births), is preserved as published: a rate on few births.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 cases (code -5, 1,127 rows); the group had fewer than 100 live births in the place and at least one case: OASIS hides the number and its rate at every level, the state included (code -6, 95 rows); no live births in the place and group (num_births 0) and no cases, where OASIS shows 0: a rate on no births is undefined (our mask, 6,282 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). Also NULL: race_unknown rows (our residual of cases only), and the race groups' rates wherever our race mask NULLs either count: the cases where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the place-year's cases, the births where the mother's race is unknown for more than 20% of its live births (484 rows; see limitations). Male and female rows have OASIS's rate (per 100,000 live births of that sex) where published, though their births are NULL. Never recompute a withheld rate from the counts.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_congenital_syphilis_cases","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Congenital Syphilis Cases","short_description":"","description":"New congenital syphilis cases of the place and group reported to DPH. OASIS never publishes a county count of 1-4. NULL is OASIS's suppression (never a hidden 0), race_unknown's rule, or on a race group our race mask, which can hide a 0 (see null_meaning). race_unknown is our subtraction from OASIS's counts. Georgia 2023: 127.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No count: the group had fewer than 100 live births in the place and at least one case: OASIS hides the number and its rate at every level, the state included (code -6, 95 rows); a county had 1-4 cases: OASIS hides county counts under 5 (Georgia's own small counts are shown) (code -7, 1,072 rows); race_unknown wherever OASIS hides a count it subtracts (all, hispanic or a non-Hispanic race; our rule, so it never reveals a hidden count; 356 rows); the race groups' counts where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the place-year's cases (where a count is hidden, surely so on OASIS's whole race x ethnicity table; it can hide a published 0; see limitations) (our mask, 93 rows) (row counts are totals over all years).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"numerator"},{"name":"num_births","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Births","short_description":"","description":"Live births of the place and group in the same calendar year (OASIS's births module; the race groups by the mother's race and ethnicity), the rate's denominator. Births to mothers of unknown race are in all only, so the race groups' births add up to less than all's. 0 where the group had no births, whose rate is then NULL; NULL on the race groups where the mother's race is mostly unknown (our mask), whose rate is then NULL too. Georgia 2023: 125,005.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL on male and female rows (OASIS publishes no births by sex), on race_unknown rows (our residual of cases only), and on the race groups where the mother's race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the place-year's live births (our mask, 591 rows, all seven groups together; the county-years the births topic masks; see limitations).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"denominator"}],"key_metric":"congenital_syphilis_rate_per_100k_births","numeric_filter_columns":["congenital_syphilis_rate_per_100k_births","num_congenital_syphilis_cases","num_births"],"usage":"Follow Georgia or a county over time, or compare places, with congenital_syphilis_rate_per_100k_births (cases per 100,000 live births); never add or average it across rows. To combine several places or years, add the counts: SUM(num_congenital_syphilis_cases) * 100000 / SUM(num_births) over rows where both are published. Never compute it for a single row: where OASIS withholds a rate (1-4 cases), that would rebuild what OASIS withholds. A NULL count is OASIS's suppression (1-4 cases in a county, or a group with fewer than 100 births and a case), race_unknown's rule, or, on a race group, our race mask, which can hide a 0: a sum over places with NULL counts is a lower bound. A race group's num_births is NULL where the mother's race is mostly unknown, so a pooled race-group rate over counties leaves those counties out. Male and female rows have no births, so they never pool. Pin demographic = 'all' for totals. County rates rest on few cases: combine several years before ranking counties. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Congenital syphilis cases per 100,000 live births, not per resident, by county of residence, 2000-2023. Georgia's cases rose from 23 in 2015 to 127 in 2023. OASIS hides county counts of 1-4 and nonzero counts on under 100 births (NULL), and withholds rates on 1-4 cases. Race groups' cases or births are NULL where over 20% of the place-year's lack race (our mask; it can hide a 0). Race groups are presumably the mother's; male and female are the baby's sex, with no births count. OASIS publishes no age-adjusted rate for this cause. Georgia's rate went from 17.5 in 2015 to 101.6 in 2023 (5.8 times; cases 5.5 times); the fewest cases were 2 in 2005, and 2023 is the most. In 2023 77 of the 127 cases (61%) were black, 33 white and 12 hispanic. Counts are new cases reported to DPH (OASIS's definitions: incidence, by place of residence). OASIS does not say whose residence, race or year it uses for this cause; CDC's national congenital syphilis counts use the mother's residence, the mother's race and Hispanic ethnicity, and the year of birth, and CDC's case definition also counts syphilitic stillbirths, while the denominator is live births. num_births is OASIS's births module's count for the place, year and group (all, and the seven race groups by the mother's race and ethnicity): cases x 100,000 / births reproduces every published rate. Male and female rates are OASIS's, per 100,000 live births of that sex (each implies a whole number of births, and the two add up to the place's births), but OASIS publishes no births by sex, so num_births is NULL there and they cannot be pooled. OASIS hides a county's count of 1-4 cases (code -7) and, at every level, the count of a group with fewer than 100 live births in the place that has a case (-6), with its rate; it shows Georgia's own small counts and withholds every rate on 1-4 cases. The platform adds no disclosure suppression of its own and computes nothing that would reveal a hidden count; its one quality mask, on race groups (below), can NULL a published count, 0 included. In 2023, 8 counties show cases, 40 are hidden and 111 had none: county rates rest on few cases and swing widely, so combine years before comparing counties. A place and group with no live births (num_births 0) has no rate (NULL): OASIS shows 0 there, but a rate on no births is undefined (our mask; the count stays 0). Race groups follow the platform convention from OASIS's race x ethnicity cross: hispanic is Hispanic of any race; white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial are non-Hispanic. race_unknown is our calculation, the total minus those seven (unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race), so the race groups add up to all wherever every count is published; it has no births and so no rate, and it is NULL wherever OASIS hides a count it subtracts (all, hispanic or a non-Hispanic race). Where OASIS hides only its own unknown race or ethnicity cells, race_unknown is still given (its own table gives the same figure), so in a county it can be 1-4. Georgia's race_unknown is published every year. Our race mask (OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items) acts on the seven race groups of a place and year, one count at a time: where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the cases (race_unknown / all), their case counts are NULL, since each would miss its share of the unknowns; where the mother's race is unknown for more than 20% of the live births (all's births minus the race groups'), their num_births are NULL, since each denominator would run low; and their rate is NULL wherever either count is. A place-year with no case has no case share, so its zeros stay. The all, sex and race_unknown rows are kept. 113 place-years are masked (never Georgia): 16 by cases, 97 by births. Where a count is hidden, the case share is bounded on OASIS's whole race x ethnicity table of the place and, where that leaves it open, on every county's table together (OASIS's county total is the counties' sum), and masked only where surely over 20%, including 14 county-years whose total OASIS hides (race_unknown at least 1 of at most 4 cases). The 1 county-year whose own table leaves the share straddling 20% is bounded on the county tables together: 0 surely over 20% (masked), 1 at most 20% (kept); 0 still straddle it (unmasked). pacific_islander has no rows in 2000-2007 and multiracial none in 2000-2007 and 2009: they were not recorded on STD case reports (no STI case of any kind anywhere those years; our reading). Race-group rates divide by births by the mother's race, whose recording changed with the revised birth certificate in mid-2007: births to multiracial mothers were 237-648 a year in 2000-2006, then 3,538 in 2007 and 6,961 in 2008, while births to white mothers fell from 66,940 (2007) to 57,568 (2008), so don't read race-group rates across 2007-2008 as trends. Cases of unknown sex have no platform group: they count in all only (Georgia 2000). From 2005 OASIS places cases by geocoded address; 2000-2004 use the county the case report states (OASIS's data issues page), so county series can shift between 2004 and 2005. OASIS has revised congenital syphilis counts after first release (2009-2012, 2014 and 2019; its data issues page), so older reports can differ. Not served: OASIS's age-adjusted rate (never published for this cause), unknown sex and age (cut platform-wide). 2023 is the newest year OASIS's STD module offers. tract_geoid is always NULL.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"schema_hash":"04cd65a783e692b1b9de47fae27da761610a899812a154e21f2c6525f88cfa98","tags":["health","georgia department of public health, office of health indicators for planning","congenital_syphilis"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, demographic (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2023), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM congenital_syphilis WHERE year = 2023 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"]},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":{"count":5,"reason":"OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 cases (shown as * on OASIS), so no figure combined from fewer than 5 cases is given."},"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/congenital_syphilis/values"}