{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"oasis","topic":"drug_overdose_deaths","key":"health/oasis/drug_overdose_deaths","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2000,"year_max":2025,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/drug_overdose_deaths/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","demographic","drug_type"],"title":"Drug Overdose Deaths","summary":"Age-adjusted and crude drug overdose death rates and deaths, all intents, overall and by opioid type, race and ethnicity, and sex, Georgia and its counties, 2000-2025 (DPH OASIS).","description":"Drug overdose deaths of Georgia residents: deaths whose underlying cause is a drug poisoning of any intent (unintentional, suicide, assault or undetermined; alcohol excluded), as Georgia DPH's OASIS publishes them. All overdoses, and those involving any opioid, natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic opioids, synthetic opioids other than methadone (mostly fentanyl), heroin and methadone; the drug types overlap. Georgia and each of its 159 counties, 2000-2025, overall, by race and ethnicity and by sex: the age-adjusted death rate per 100,000 (key metric), the crude death rate per 100,000, the number of deaths and the population. Unlike CDC MIOV's overdose_deaths (unintentional and undetermined intent only), it counts drug suicides and assaults, so the two never compare head to head.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["overdose deaths","opioid deaths","fentanyl deaths","heroin deaths","dying of overdose","opioid epidemic","drug death rates","opioid mortality","deaths from drugs","methadone deaths"],"es":["muertes por sobredosis","muertes por opioides","muertes por fentanilo","muertes por heroína","muertes por drogas","morir de sobredosis","epidemia de opioides","mortalidad por opioides","defunciones por sobredosis","muerte por drogas"]},"source":"Georgia Department of Public Health, Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP), OASIS Data Table Tool, Drug Overdose Mortality; population: OASIS population module (Census Bureau estimates as OASIS publishes them)","source_url":"https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/mortalitydrugoverdoses","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/drug_overdose_deaths","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Calendar year of death, 2000-2025.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit FIPS of the decedent's county of residence (FK to the counties dimension); NULL on Georgia's statewide row.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: state and county rows only.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"","description":"The group: all; race groups hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial, plus race_unknown (our calculation: all minus those seven; unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race); gender male and female. The race groups add up to all (except in the county-years the race mask NULLs), and so do male and female.","valid_values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"drug_type","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Drug Type","short_description":"Drug involved in the overdose death","description":"Which overdose deaths the row counts, by the drugs involved (ICD-10 codes as OASIS defines them): all (every drug overdose death, OASIS's All Drug Overdoses: underlying cause X40-X44, X60-X64, X85 or Y10-Y14, any drug, alcohol excluded); any_opioid (OASIS's All Opioids: any opioid (T40.0-T40.4, T40.6) among the other causes listed); natural_semisynthetic_or_synthetic_opioid (T40.2-T40.4: prescription opioid pain relievers such as oxycodone, hydrocodone and morphine, methadone, and synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and tramadol); synthetic_opioid_other_than_methadone (T40.4: synthetic opioids other than methadone, such as fentanyl (prescription or illicitly made) and tramadol; OASIS's Synthetic Opioids (e.g. Fentanyl) other than Methadone); heroin (T40.1); methadone (T40.3). The types overlap: a death involving several drugs counts under each, and they nest: any_opioid is within all; natural_semisynthetic_or_synthetic_opioid and heroin are within any_opioid; synthetic_opioid_other_than_methadone and methadone are within natural_semisynthetic_or_synthetic_opioid. Never sum across drug_type. Definitions: https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefMortDrugOD.html.","valid_values":["all","any_opioid","natural_semisynthetic_or_synthetic_opioid","synthetic_opioid_other_than_methadone","heroin","methadone"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"age_adjusted_death_rate_per_100k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age Adjusted Death Rate per 100k","short_description":"Overdose deaths per 100,000 residents, adjusted for age","description":"OASIS's age-adjusted drug overdose death rate per 100,000 residents of the place and group (weighted by the year 2000 U.S. standard million): the fair comparison across places, groups and years with different age mixes. Never add or average it across rows. 0 where the group had no such deaths; NULL where it has no residents in the place (num_population 0). Georgia 2025, all overdoses: 14.8. The highest, 152.8 (all, white, county 13081, 2023: 12 deaths), is preserved as published: a small group's rate on few deaths.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: the population OASIS divides by is zero in one of the place and group's age groups, here only on rows with 1-4 deaths, where the crude rate is withheld too (code -2, 89 rows); OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 34,139 rows); no residents in the group (population 0) and no deaths, where OASIS shows 0: a rate on no population is undefined (our mask, 3,642 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). Never recompute a withheld rate from the counts. Also NULL on the race groups' rows (hispanic and the six non-Hispanic groups) of 33 county-years where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the county-year's overdose deaths (race_unknown / all on the topic's total): our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items; the all, sex and race_unknown rows and the population are kept.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"death_rate_per_100k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Death Rate per 100k","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's crude drug overdose death rate: deaths per 100,000 residents of the place and group (num_deaths / num_population x 100,000). Combine places or groups as SUM(num_deaths) * 100000 / SUM(num_population), within one drug_type, over the rows with a num_deaths (race rows the race mask NULLs left out). 0 where the group had no such deaths; NULL where it has no residents in the place (num_population 0). Georgia 2025, all overdoses: 14.9.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 34,228 rows); no residents in the group (population 0) and no deaths, where OASIS shows 0: a rate on no population is undefined (our mask, 3,642 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). Also NULL on the race groups' rows (hispanic and the six non-Hispanic groups) of 33 county-years where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the county-year's overdose deaths (race_unknown / all on the topic's total): our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items; the all, sex and race_unknown rows and the population are kept.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_deaths","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Deaths","short_description":"","description":"Drug overdose deaths of residents of the place and group involving the drug type (drug_type = 'all': every overdose death). OASIS publishes every count, however small; NULL only by the race mask. The types overlap, so never sum across drug_type. race_unknown is our subtraction from OASIS's counts. Georgia 2025, all overdoses: 1,679.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL on the race groups' rows (hispanic and the six non-Hispanic groups) of 33 county-years where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the county-year's overdose deaths (race_unknown / all on the topic's total): our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items; the all, sex and race_unknown rows and the population are kept.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_population","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Population","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's population of the place and group (all ages; OASIS's population module), the crude rate's denominator. The same on every drug_type row of a place and group, so never sum it across drug types. 0 for a group with no residents in the place, whose rates are then NULL.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL only on race_unknown rows: OASIS has no population for unknown race or ethnicity.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"age_adjusted_death_rate_per_100k","numeric_filter_columns":["age_adjusted_death_rate_per_100k","death_rate_per_100k","num_deaths","num_population"],"usage":"Compare counties, race groups or sexes, or follow a place over time, with age_adjusted_death_rate_per_100k within one drug_type: it removes differences in age mix, and never adds or averages across rows. Pin drug_type = 'all' and demographic = 'all' for total overdose deaths. To combine places or groups, add the counts within one drug_type, over the rows that have one: SUM(num_deaths) * 100000 / SUM(num_population) over rows where num_deaths is not NULL is their crude death rate (pooled_rates), which equals death_rate_per_100k wherever OASIS publishes that rate. Never compute it for a single row: where OASIS withholds a rate (1-4 deaths), that would rebuild what OASIS withholds. Race rows the race mask NULLs (county-years with over 20% of overdose deaths of unknown race or ethnicity) are left out of both sums, so a race group pooled over counties in those years is not Georgia's: use Georgia's own row. Never sum num_deaths or num_population across drug_type values: the types overlap and nest, and the population repeats on every row. The share of overdose deaths involving a drug is that drug_type's deaths divided by drug_type = 'all' deaths for the same place, year and group. CDC MIOV's overdose_deaths counts fewer intents: never mix the two in one series. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Overdose deaths of every intent (unintentional, suicide, assault, undetermined) by home county: not comparable with CDC MIOV's overdose_deaths (unintentional and undetermined only). drug_type rows overlap (a death counts under each drug involved; opioid types nest): never add across them. OASIS withholds rates on 1-4 deaths. race_unknown is our count, with no rate. Race groups are NULL in 33 county-years (2000-2006 and 2013) with over 20% unknown race; small groups are not trends before 2015. CDC MIOV also processes its records separately. Age-adjusted rates are OASIS's: weighted averages of age-specific rates with the year 2000 U.S. standard million as weights, so places and groups with different age mixes compare fairly; they never add or average across rows. OASIS publishes every count, however small, and withholds rates based on 1-4 events (NULL here); the platform adds no small-cell suppression of its own and never recomputes a withheld rate. A group with no residents in a place (num_population 0) has no rate (NULL): OASIS shows 0 there, but a rate on no population is undefined and would rank as the lowest (our mask; the count stays 0 unless the race mask NULLs it). 73% of rows with at least one death have no age-adjusted rate, mostly 1-4 deaths in small counties and groups: in 2025, 71 of the 134 counties with an overdose death have a published age-adjusted rate, and the other 63 had 1-4 deaths. The case definition is OASIS's (NCHS specifications): underlying cause X40-X44, X60-X64, X85 or Y10-Y14, any drug, alcohol excluded, and deaths coded to drug use disorders (ICD-10 F codes) not counted. The drug types are the drugs listed among the death's other causes (ICD-10 T40): any_opioid contains natural_semisynthetic_or_synthetic_opioid (which contains synthetic_opioid_other_than_methadone and methadone) and heroin, and a death involving two counts in both (Georgia 2020: natural_semisynthetic_or_synthetic_opioid 1,165 and heroin 393 against 1,300 any_opioid deaths, so at least 258 involved both). Deaths involving no opioid (stimulants such as cocaine or methamphetamine, or other drugs) are in all only: OASIS publishes no stimulant type. A drug type counts only drugs the death certificate names, so part of a type's change can be reporting, not deaths (our reading): in 2006 any_opioid fell to 181 (237 in 2005, 321 in 2007) while all overdose deaths rose (622, 705, 819). Opioids were involved in 57% of Georgia's overdose deaths in 2025 (74% at most, 2022); deaths peaked at 2,678 in 2022. Race groups follow the platform convention from OASIS's race x ethnicity cross: hispanic is Hispanic of any race; white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial are non-Hispanic. race_unknown is our calculation, the total minus those seven (unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race), so the race groups add up to all wherever the race mask (below) leaves them; it has no population and so no rate. Hispanic ethnicity is under-reported on death certificates, so hispanic counts and rates may be low. 8-23 overdose deaths a year in 2000-2006 are race_unknown, against at most 7 since (the all-cause death topics show the same break), so the non-Hispanic groups are undercounted then, and the small groups' series (multiracial, native_american, pacific_islander) are too small and too unevenly recorded before 2015 to read as trends. Where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of a place-year's overdose deaths (race_unknown / all), the race groups' counts and rates for that place and year are NULL (our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items): each group's count would miss its share of the unknowns, so its rate runs low and its trend follows the recording, not the group. The all, sex and race_unknown rows are kept, so the unknown share stays visible. It applies to 33 county-years (28 counties, 2000-2006 and 2013, never Georgia), on every drug type: in those years a race group's county deaths can add up to less than Georgia's race row, which counts every county. num_population is OASIS's own population (its population module) for the place, year and group, the denominator of every crude rate (num_deaths / num_population x 100,000 reproduces each published crude rate); the race groups' populations add to all, as do male and female. Deaths are placed by county of residence as OASIS geocodes it. 2025 is the newest year; OASIS marks no year provisional. Counties add up to Georgia, except a race group's deaths in a year the race mask NULLs some of its county rows. Not served: OASIS's SES-vulnerability rows (its SES 'rates' divide by the whole place's population), age and education breakdowns, and the percent-of-deaths measure. tract_geoid is always NULL.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"schema_hash":"ecfdd55396eaa8875f7df19b592dc159630e126efd00682690111632ebefd1b1","tags":["health","georgia department of public health, office of health indicators for planning","drug_overdose_deaths"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, demographic, drug_type (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2025), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM drug_overdose_deaths WHERE year = 2025 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by drug_type = all","query":"SELECT * FROM drug_overdose_deaths WHERE drug_type = 'all' AND year = 2025 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"]},{"param":"drug_type","kind":"categorical","column":"drug_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","any_opioid","natural_semisynthetic_or_synthetic_opioid","synthetic_opioid_other_than_methadone","heroin","methadone"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"drug_type","reason":"The drug types overlap and nest: a death involving several drugs counts under each, all contains every overdose death and any_opioid every opioid one, so deaths summed across drug types count the same deaths more than once; num_population is the place and group's whole population, repeated on every drug_type row."}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[{"column":"death_rate_per_100k","numerator":"num_deaths","denominator":"num_population","scale":100000}],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":{"count":5,"reason":"OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 deaths (shown as * on OASIS), so no figure combined from fewer than 5 deaths is given."},"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/drug_overdose_deaths/values"}