{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"oasis","topic":"drug_overdose_hospital_visits","key":"health/oasis/drug_overdose_hospital_visits","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2016,"year_max":2025,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/drug_overdose_hospital_visits/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","demographic","drug_type","setting"],"title":"Drug Overdose ER Visits and Hospital Stays","summary":"Age-adjusted and crude rates and counts of drug overdose ER visits and hospital stays, all intents, by opioid type, setting, race and ethnicity, and sex, Georgia and its counties, 2016-2025 (DPH OASIS).","description":"Drug overdose emergency room visits and hospital stays of Georgia residents, as Georgia DPH's OASIS publishes them: any mention of a drug poisoning (ICD-10-CM T36-T50, alcohol excluded) of any intent (unintentional, self-harm, assault or undetermined), initial encounter. By setting (er: ER visits that did not lead to admission; inpatient: hospital stays, including patients admitted through the ER; all: both, which add up) and by the drugs involved (all overdoses, any opioid, heroin and, from 2021, fentanyl; the types overlap). Georgia and each of its 159 counties, 2016-2025, overall, by race and ethnicity and by sex: the age-adjusted visit rate per 100,000 (key metric), the crude visit rate per 100,000, the number of visits and the population. Visits are not people or deaths: never compare or add them to drug_overdose_deaths.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["overdose ER visits","opioid ER visits","fentanyl overdose visits","nonfatal overdoses","overdose hospitalizations","overdose emergency room","ER visits for drugs","heroin overdose hospital","opioid overdose stays"],"es":["sobredosis en emergencias","urgencias por sobredosis","visitas por opioides","hospitalizaciones por sobredosis","sobredosis no fatales","sobredosis de fentanilo","sobredosis de heroína","urgencias por drogas","sobredosis en hospitales"]},"source":"Georgia Department of Public Health, Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP), OASIS Data Table Tool, Drug Overdose ER and Inpatient Visits; population: OASIS population module (Census Bureau estimates as OASIS publishes them)","source_url":"https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/erinpatientdrugoverdoses","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/drug_overdose_hospital_visits","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Calendar year of discharge, 2016-2025.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit FIPS of the patient's county of residence (FK to the counties dimension); NULL on Georgia's statewide row.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: state and county rows only.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"","description":"The group: all; race groups hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial, plus race_unknown (our calculation: all minus those seven; here exactly the visits of unknown ethnicity); gender male and female. Every year. The race groups add up to all (except in the county-years the race mask NULLs), and so do male and female. Where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of a county-year's overdose visits, the race groups' counts and rates are NULL (limitations).","valid_values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"drug_type","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Drug Type","short_description":"Drug involved in the overdose visit","description":"Which overdose visits the row counts, by the drugs involved (ICD-10-CM codes as OASIS defines them): all (every overdose visit, OASIS's All Drug Overdoses: any mention of a drug poisoning, T36-T50 (any over-the-counter, prescription or illicit drug; alcohol excluded)); any_opioid (OASIS's All Opioids: T40.0-T40.4 (from October 2020 T40.41 fentanyl, T40.42 tramadol and T40.49 other synthetic narcotics replace T40.4), T40.60 and T40.69: prescription opioid pain relievers such as oxycodone, hydrocodone and morphine, methadone, heroin, opium and synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and tramadol); heroin (T40.1); fentanyl (T40.41 only, a code that began 2020-10-01: no rows before 2021 (OASIS shows 0 everywhere; fentanyl overdoses of those years are in any_opioid and all, under T40.4, but cannot be told apart); not drug_overdose_deaths' synthetic_opioid_other_than_methadone (T40.4, tramadol and other synthetic opioids included)). The types overlap: a visit involving several drugs counts under each, and they nest: any_opioid is within all; heroin and fentanyl are within any_opioid. Never sum across drug_type. Definitions: https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefDERDrug.html.","valid_values":["all","any_opioid","heroin","fentanyl"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"setting","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Setting","short_description":"Where the overdose was treated (ER or hospital stay)","description":"Where the visit was treated: all (every overdose visit, OASIS's ER-Inpatient Visits: er + inpatient); er (OASIS's ER Visits: emergency room visits that did not lead to admission); inpatient (OASIS's Inpatient Visits: hospital stays (discharges), including patients admitted through the ER, who count once). er and inpatient never overlap: their visits add up to all's in every place, year, group and drug type; num_population repeats on every setting row.","valid_values":["all","er","inpatient"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"age_adjusted_visit_rate_per_100k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age Adjusted Visit Rate per 100k","short_description":"Overdose visits per 100,000 residents, adjusted for age","description":"OASIS's age-adjusted drug overdose visit rate per 100,000 residents of the place and group, in the setting (weighted by the year 2000 U.S. standard million): the fair comparison across places, groups and years with different age mixes. Never add or average it across rows. 0 where the group had no such visits; NULL where OASIS withholds it (null_meaning). Georgia 2024, every overdose visit: 230.9. The highest, 19,096.7 (drug_type all, setting all, asian, Washington County (13303), 2020: 13 visits, 77 residents), is preserved as published: a small group's rate on few residents.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: the population OASIS divides by is zero in one of the place and group's age groups, so a crude rate can exist where this one does not (code -2, 41,402 rows); the count exceeds the population OASIS divides by in one of the place and group's age groups (code -3, 70 rows); OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 28,656 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). Never recompute a withheld rate from the counts. NULL on the race groups' rows (hispanic and the six non-Hispanic groups) of 145 county-years where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the county-year's visits (race_unknown / all on the topic's total): our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items; the all, sex and race_unknown rows and the population are kept.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"visit_rate_per_100k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Visit Rate per 100k","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's crude drug overdose visit rate: visits per 100,000 residents of the place and group (num_visits / num_population x 100,000). Combine places or groups as SUM(num_visits) * 100000 / SUM(num_population) over rows with a count, within one drug_type and setting (a race group pooled over counties leaves out the county-years the race mask NULLs, so it is not Georgia's). 0 where the group had no such visits; NULL where it has no residents in the place (num_population 0). Georgia 2024, every overdose visit: 229.7. A person can have several visits, so a small group's rate can be very high.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: the population OASIS divides by is zero (code -2, 2 rows); OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 29,501 rows); no residents in the group (population 0) and no visits, where OASIS shows 0: a rate on no population is undefined (our mask, 2,323 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). NULL on the race groups' rows (hispanic and the six non-Hispanic groups) of 145 county-years where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the county-year's visits (race_unknown / all on the topic's total): our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items; the all, sex and race_unknown rows and the population are kept.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_visits","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Visits","short_description":"","description":"Drug overdose visits of residents of the place and group in the setting involving the drug type (drug_type = 'all': every overdose visit): visits, not people. OASIS publishes every count, however small; NULL only by the race mask. The types overlap, so never sum across drug_type; er + inpatient = all. race_unknown is our subtraction from OASIS's counts. Georgia 2024, every overdose visit: 25,738 (16,547 er, 9,191 inpatient).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL on the race groups' rows (hispanic and the six non-Hispanic groups) of 145 county-years where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the county-year's visits (race_unknown / all on the topic's total): our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items; the all, sex and race_unknown rows and the population are kept.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_population","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Population","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's population of the place and group (all ages; OASIS's population module), the crude rate's denominator. The same on every drug_type and setting row of a place and group, so never sum it across them. 0 for a group with no residents in the place, whose rates are then NULL.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL only on race_unknown rows: OASIS has no population for unknown race or ethnicity.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"age_adjusted_visit_rate_per_100k","numeric_filter_columns":["age_adjusted_visit_rate_per_100k","visit_rate_per_100k","num_visits","num_population"],"usage":"Compare counties, race groups or sexes, or follow a place over time, with age_adjusted_visit_rate_per_100k within one drug_type and setting: it removes differences in age mix, and never adds or averages across rows. Pin setting = 'all', drug_type = 'all' and demographic = 'all' for every overdose visit. setting adds up: er + inpatient = all. To combine places or groups, add the counts of rows that have one, within one drug_type and setting: SUM(num_visits) * 100000 / SUM(num_population) over rows where num_visits is not NULL is their crude visit rate (pooled_rates), equal to visit_rate_per_100k on a single row where OASIS publishes it. The race mask NULLs a race group's counts in the county-years it covers (not Georgia's), so pool only rows that have a count: a race group pooled over counties then leaves those county-years out and is not Georgia's figure; use Georgia's own row. Never sum num_visits across drug_type values (the types overlap and nest), and never sum num_population across drug_type or setting (it repeats on every row). The share of overdose visits involving a drug is that drug_type's visits divided by drug_type = 'all' visits for the same place, year, group and setting; fentanyl starts in 2021. These are visits, not people or deaths: never mix them with drug_overdose_deaths. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Overdose ER visits and hospital stays in Georgia non-federal hospitals, by home county: visits, not people (repeat visits count) or deaths: never compare or add them to drug_overdose_deaths. Border counties look low: out-of-state stays are missing. setting all = er + inpatient. drug_type rows overlap: never add across them. fentanyl has no rows before 2021 (no code until October 2020). OASIS withholds rates on 1-4 visits. Race-group rates run low: ethnicity is often unknown (NULL above 20%). Age-adjusted rates are OASIS's: weighted averages of age-specific rates with the year 2000 U.S. standard million as weights, so places and groups with different age mixes compare fairly; they never add or average across rows. OASIS publishes every count, however small, and withholds rates based on 1-4 events (NULL here); the platform adds no suppression of its own and never recomputes a withheld rate. A group with no residents in a place (num_population 0) has no rate (NULL): OASIS shows a crude rate of 0 there (and withholds the age-adjusted rate itself), but a rate on no population is undefined and would rank as the lowest (our mask; the count stays 0). 43% of rows with at least one visit have no age-adjusted rate, mostly 1-4 visits in small counties and groups; on race rows OASIS also withholds it where a group has no residents in some age group (-2) or more visits than residents in one (-3: a person can have several visits). The case definition is OASIS's (https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefDERDrug.html): any mention of an ICD-10-CM drug poisoning code T36-T50 (any over-the-counter, prescription or illicit drug; alcohol excluded) whose intent is unintentional, self-harm, assault or undetermined (6th character 1-4), initial encounter (7th character A or missing). er counts ER visits that did not lead to admission; inpatient counts hospital stays, including patients admitted through the ER, who count once; all is both (60% to 67% of Georgia's visits a year are er). Visits are dated by discharge and include patients discharged dead (about 1% in 2017-2019, OASIS says), whose deaths may also be in drug_overdose_deaths. The drug types are the poisonings listed on the visit: any_opioid (T40.0-T40.4, T40.6) contains heroin (T40.1) and fentanyl (T40.41), and a visit involving two counts in both. fentanyl is identified only by T40.41, a code that began 2020-10-01: OASIS shows 0 fentanyl visits everywhere through 2020 (even in October-December 2020), which are not real absences: fentanyl has no rows before 2021 (dropped, not served as zeros); fentanyl overdoses of those years are in any_opioid and all (T40.4) but cannot be told apart. drug_overdose_deaths' synthetic_opioid_other_than_methadone (T40.4: fentanyl, tramadol and other synthetic opioids) is a different definition. Georgia's opioid overdose visits (every setting): any_opioid 5,369 in 2016, 7,556 in 2021 (the peak), 4,510 in 2025; heroin 1,208, 2,350 and 173; fentanyl 518 in 2021, 1,861 in 2023 and 1,367 in 2025. T40.41 was new in October 2020, so part of fentanyl's rise from 2021 to 2023 may be hospitals starting to use the code (our reading). OASIS revised its counts: every overdose for 2016-2021 on 2023-02-28 (about 100 more a year) and any_opioid for 2020-2023 on 2025-07-03 (about 995 more a year statewide, for changing ICD-10-CM codes). Where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of a place-year's visits (race_unknown / all), the race groups' counts and rates for that place and year are NULL (our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items): each group's count would miss its share of the unknowns, so its rate runs low and its trend follows the recording, not the group. The all, sex and race_unknown rows are kept, so the unknown share stays visible. It applies to 145 county-years (55 counties, never Georgia), measured on every overdose visit (drug_type and setting all) and applied to every drug type and setting. OASIS's hospital data records ethnicity from 2016, this module's first year, but some hospitals still do not (OASIS: about 9% of discharges; https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/KDIDERDrugOD.html): 6.3% (2023) to 16.5% (2016) of Georgia's overdose visits a year are of unknown ethnicity (race_unknown), and up to 96% of a county's among counties with 100 or more visits (Camden, 2018: 113 visits). In smaller counts every visit can be of unknown ethnicity (167 county, year, drug type and setting combinations, such as all 12 of Atkinson County's overdose visits in 2023 and all 51 of Glynn County's any_opioid visits in 2019): there every race group shows 0 visits and, where published, a rate of 0, which means ethnicity went unrecorded, not that no one in the group had a visit. The race mask NULLs the race rows of most of them (both examples); 27 remain, in county-years where 20% or fewer of all overdose visits lack ethnicity. So the race groups' counts and rates run low, unevenly by county and year; OASIS advises caution with Hispanic figures. race_unknown is our calculation, all minus the seven race groups: here exactly the visits of unknown ethnicity (OASIS shows no non-Hispanic visit of unknown race), a count with no population or rate. Stays in other states' hospitals and in federal (VA and military) hospitals are not counted: Dade County, next to Chattanooga, Tennessee, had 2 overdose visits in 2024 (16,143 residents), and Catoosa's and Walker's crude rates were 73.5 and 133.4 against Georgia's 229.7 per 100,000 (our reading: their residents use Tennessee hospitals). A small group's rates can be very high on few residents (the highest crude rate, 61,111 per 100,000: 11 visits of 18 asian residents of Johnson County, 2019; our reading: repeat visits or race recorded differently by hospitals and the Census): kept as published. num_population is OASIS's own population (its population module) for the place, year and group, the denominator of every crude rate (num_visits / num_population x 100,000 reproduces each published crude rate, in every setting); the race groups' populations add to all, as do male and female. 2025 is the newest year; OASIS marks no year provisional. Counties add up to Georgia, except race groups, whose counts are NULL in the county-years the race mask covers (Georgia's race rows count every county, so a race group's counties add up to less there). Not served: OASIS's payer and SES-vulnerability rows (their 'rates' divide by the whole place's population; payer counts belong in a separate payer topic), and age and education breakdowns. tract_geoid is always NULL.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"schema_hash":"8de4e66147ca1dcb419ee752bcfaa52c9f59df3939f10e2133c0b2d574e97212","tags":["health","georgia department of public health, office of health indicators for planning","drug_overdose_hospital_visits"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, demographic, drug_type, setting (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2025), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM drug_overdose_hospital_visits WHERE year = 2025 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by drug_type = all","query":"SELECT * FROM drug_overdose_hospital_visits WHERE drug_type = 'all' AND year = 2025 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"]},{"param":"drug_type","kind":"categorical","column":"drug_type","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","any_opioid","heroin","fentanyl"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"setting","kind":"categorical","column":"setting","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","er","inpatient"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"drug_type","reason":"The drug types overlap and nest: a visit involving several drugs counts under each, all contains every overdose visit and any_opioid every opioid one, so visits summed across drug types count the same visits more than once; num_population is the place and group's whole population, repeated on every drug_type row."},{"column":"setting","reason":"num_population is the place and group's whole population, repeated on every setting row as the denominator of that row's rate, so a sum across settings counts the same residents again (visits do add up: er + inpatient = all).","metrics":["num_population"]}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[{"column":"visit_rate_per_100k","numerator":"num_visits","denominator":"num_population","scale":100000}],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":{"count":5,"reason":"OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 visits (shown as * on OASIS), so no figure combined from fewer than 5 visits is given."},"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/drug_overdose_hospital_visits/values"}