{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"oasis","topic":"er_visits_by_cause","key":"health/oasis/er_visits_by_cause","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2002,"year_max":2025,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/er_visits_by_cause/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","demographic","cause"],"title":"Emergency Room Visits by Cause (OASIS Detailed Causes, Nested)","summary":"Age-adjusted and crude emergency room visit rates and ER visits not ending in admission, by principal diagnosis (OASIS detailed causes: 15 groups and the causes within them), sex, and race and ethnicity from 2016, Georgia and its counties, 2002-2025 (DPH OASIS).","description":"Emergency room visits of Georgia residents that did not end in an inpatient admission, by principal diagnosis, in Georgia DPH OASIS's Detailed cause list, nested: 15 cause groups (such as respiratory diseases, mental and behavioral disorders or external causes) and the 68 specific causes listed within them, plus all causes. Groups contain their causes, so causes never add up. A visit is one ER visit at a Georgia non-federal hospital, by the patient's county of residence: a person who visits twice counts twice. A visit that ends in admission is counted only as a hospital discharge (hospital_discharges_by_cause): OASIS keeps the two mutually exclusive. Georgia and each of its 159 counties, 2002-2025, overall and by sex, and by race and ethnicity from 2016: the age-adjusted ER visit rate per 100,000 (key metric), the crude ER visit rate per 100,000, the number of visits and the population. Use it to look up ER visits for one condition, such as asthma, diabetes, falls, motor vehicle crashes, assault, self-harm, poisoning or COVID-19. Payer mix is er_visits_by_payer, which counts the same visits: never add across the two.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["ER visits by diagnosis","reasons for ER visits","emergency room diagnoses","ED visits","hospital ER visits","medical emergencies","ER injuries","asthma ER visits","mental health ER visits"],"es":["visitas a emergencias","visitas a urgencias","sala de emergencias","motivos de urgencias","diagnósticos de emergencias","emergencias en hospitales","cuidado médico urgente","urgencias por asma","urgencias por lesiones","urgencias de salud mental"]},"source":"Georgia Department of Public Health, Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP), OASIS Data Table Tool, Emergency Room Visits (OASIS Detailed Causes; Georgia Hospital Association billing data); population: OASIS population module (Census Bureau estimates as OASIS publishes them)","source_url":"https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/er","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/er_visits_by_cause","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Calendar year of the visit, 2002-2025.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit FIPS of the patient's county of residence (FK to the counties dimension); NULL on Georgia's statewide row.","valid_values":null,"example":"13067","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: state and county rows only.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"","description":"The group: all; gender male and female; and from 2016 (OASIS's ER data has no ethnicity before) the race groups hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial, plus race_unknown (our calculation: all minus those seven; mostly visits of unknown ethnicity). The race groups add up to all (except in the county-years the race mask NULLs), and so do male and female. Where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of a county-year's visits, the race groups' counts and rates are NULL (limitations).","valid_values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"cause","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Cause","short_description":"Principal diagnosis (OASIS detailed cause, nested)","description":"Principal diagnosis of the visit in OASIS's Detailed list, nested (injuries by external cause): all (every visit, OASIS's All Causes), then 15 groups, each containing the causes listed after it (68 in all). infectious_and_parasitic_diseases (A00-B99 (001-139), with COVID-19) contains septicemia (OASIS: Blood Poisoning, A40-A41 (038)), hiv_disease (OASIS: HIV/AIDS, B20-B24 (042-044)), tuberculosis (OASIS: TB, A15-A19 (010-018)), meningococcal_infection (OASIS: Meningitis, but its codes are A39 (036), meningococcal infection, only), covid_19 (U07.1, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19); cancers (malignant neoplasms, C00-C97 (140-208)) contains oral_cancer (lip, oral cavity and pharynx), esophageal_cancer (OASIS: Throat Cancer, C15 (150), the esophagus), stomach_cancer, colorectal_cancer (OASIS: Colon Cancer; colon, rectum and anus), liver_cancer, pancreatic_cancer, lung_cancer (trachea, bronchus and lung), melanoma (OASIS: Skin Cancer, C43 (172), melanoma only), breast_cancer, cervical_cancer, uterine_cancer (corpus uteri and uterus, part unspecified), ovarian_cancer, prostate_cancer, testicular_cancer, bladder_cancer, kidney_cancer (kidney and renal pelvis), brain_cancer (brain, meninges and central nervous system), hodgkin_lymphoma (OASIS: Lymph Cancer (Hodgkin's Disease), C81 (201) only; no non-Hodgkin lymphoma), leukemia; anemias (OASIS: Blood Diseases (Anemias), D50-D64 (280-285)) contains sickle_cell_anemia (D57.0-D57.3, D57.8, D58.2 (282.5-282.6): sickle-cell disease and trait); endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases contains diabetes, other_endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases (OASIS: All other ...); mental_and_behavioral_disorders contains substance_use_disorders (OASIS: Disorders Related to Drug Use, F10-F19 (291-293): mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol and other drug use, not poisonings or overdoses; dependence and abuse (303-305) were in other_mental_and_behavioral_disorders before October 2015), other_mental_and_behavioral_disorders (OASIS: All other ...); nervous_system_diseases contains alzheimers_disease, parkinsons_disease, other_nervous_system_diseases (OASIS: All other ...); major_cardiovascular_diseases (I00-I78 (390-434, 436-448), including heart failure and other heart disease, which no listed cause holds) contains hypertension (OASIS: High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), I10, I12, I1A.0 (401, 403)), rheumatic_heart_disease (OASIS: Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, I00-I09), hypertensive_heart_disease (I11 (402)), ischemic_heart_disease (OASIS: Obstructive Heart Disease (incl. Heart Attack), I20-I25 (410-414, 429.2)), stroke (I60-I69 (430-434, 436-438)), atherosclerosis (OASIS: Hardening of the Arteries, I70 (440)), aortic_aneurysm_and_dissection, hypertensive_heart_and_chronic_kidney_disease (I13 (404); OASIS's label was All other Diseases of Heart until March 2025), other_arterial_diseases (OASIS: All other Other Diseases of Circulatory System, I72-I78 (442-448)); respiratory_diseases contains influenza (OASIS: Flu, J09-J11 (487)), pneumonia, bronchitis (J40-J42 (490-491); under ICD-10-CM also COPD (J44) with bronchitis as a secondary diagnosis), emphysema, asthma (J45-J46 (493); under ICD-10-CM also COPD (J44) with asthma as a secondary diagnosis), other_chronic_lower_respiratory_diseases (OASIS: All other Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases, J44 and J47 (494, 496); OASIS's definitions say ICD-10-CM leaves J44 out; Georgia's ER visits fell from 3,971 (2014) to 2,694 (2017)); digestive_diseases (OASIS: Digestive System Diseases, K00-K93 (520-579)) contains alcoholic_liver_disease (K70 (571.0-571.3)), other_chronic_liver_disease_and_cirrhosis (OASIS: All other ..., K73-K74); genitourinary_diseases (OASIS: Reproductive and Urinary System Diseases, N00-N99) contains kidney_diseases (OASIS: Kidney Diseases, N00-N07, N17-N19, N25-N27 (580-589)), kidney_infections, other_genitourinary_diseases (OASIS: All other ...); musculoskeletal_diseases (OASIS: Bone and Muscle Diseases, M00-M99 (710-739)) (no causes listed in it); perinatal_conditions (OASIS: Fetal and Infant Conditions, P00-P96) contains prematurity_and_low_birth_weight (OASIS: Prematurity, P07 (765)), lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus (P20-P21 (768), intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia; ICD-10-CM has no P20-P21, so the cause has no rows from 2016: no series after 2015), respiratory_distress_syndrome (P22 (769), respiratory distress of newborn), perinatal_infections (OASIS: Birth-Related Infections, P35-P39); birth_defects (Q00-Q99 (740-759)) contains nervous_system_malformations (OASIS: Neural Tube Defects, but its codes are Q00-Q07 (740-742): every congenital malformation of the nervous system); sids (R95 (798.0); 0 in every place from 2016, an undocumented break) (no causes listed in it); external_causes (injuries of every intent, V00-Y97 (E800-E999), assigned by external cause when the principal diagnosis is an injury) contains motor_vehicle_crashes (OASIS: Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVC)), falls, accidental_shooting (OASIS: Accidental Shooting, W32-W34 (E922)), drowning (accidental drowning and submersion), fire_and_smoke_exposure (accidental exposure to smoke, fire and flames), unintentional_poisoning (OASIS: Poisoning, X40-X49 (E850-E869, E924.1): unintentional poisoning, mostly by drugs), suffocation, other_unintentional_injuries (OASIS: All Other Unintentional Injury), self_harm (OASIS: Intentional Self-Harm (Suicide), X60-X84, Y87.0 (E950-E959): self-harm, including suicide attempts), assault (OASIS: Assault (Homicide), X85-Y09, Y87.1 (E960-E969)), legal_intervention. A group's listed causes never overlap and never add to more than the group; they add up to it exactly only in endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases, mental_and_behavioral_disorders, nervous_system_diseases, genitourinary_diseases. The groups never overlap and add to no more than all (some visits are in none of them). Never sum across causes. Codes are ICD-10-CM (ICD-9-CM before October 2015): https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefMorb.html.","valid_values":["all","infectious_and_parasitic_diseases","septicemia","hiv_disease","tuberculosis","meningococcal_infection","covid_19","cancers","oral_cancer","esophageal_cancer","stomach_cancer","colorectal_cancer","liver_cancer","pancreatic_cancer","lung_cancer","melanoma","breast_cancer","cervical_cancer","uterine_cancer","ovarian_cancer","prostate_cancer","testicular_cancer","bladder_cancer","kidney_cancer","brain_cancer","hodgkin_lymphoma","leukemia","anemias","sickle_cell_anemia","endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases","diabetes","other_endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases","mental_and_behavioral_disorders","substance_use_disorders","other_mental_and_behavioral_disorders","nervous_system_diseases","alzheimers_disease","parkinsons_disease","other_nervous_system_diseases","major_cardiovascular_diseases","hypertension","rheumatic_heart_disease","hypertensive_heart_disease","ischemic_heart_disease","stroke","atherosclerosis","aortic_aneurysm_and_dissection","hypertensive_heart_and_chronic_kidney_disease","other_arterial_diseases","respiratory_diseases","influenza","pneumonia","bronchitis","emphysema","asthma","other_chronic_lower_respiratory_diseases","digestive_diseases","alcoholic_liver_disease","other_chronic_liver_disease_and_cirrhosis","genitourinary_diseases","kidney_diseases","kidney_infections","other_genitourinary_diseases","musculoskeletal_diseases","perinatal_conditions","prematurity_and_low_birth_weight","lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus","respiratory_distress_syndrome","perinatal_infections","birth_defects","nervous_system_malformations","sids","external_causes","motor_vehicle_crashes","falls","accidental_shooting","drowning","fire_and_smoke_exposure","unintentional_poisoning","suffocation","other_unintentional_injuries","self_harm","assault","legal_intervention"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"age_adjusted_er_visit_rate_per_100k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age Adjusted Er Visit Rate per 100k","short_description":"ER visits per 100,000 residents, adjusted for age","description":"OASIS's age-adjusted ER visit rate: ER visits not ending in admission per 100,000 residents of the place and group, weighted by the year 2000 U.S. standard million, the fair comparison across places, groups and years with different age mixes. Never add or average it across rows. NULL on cause = 'all' for 2-84 counties a year (OASIS withholds it; use er_visit_rate_per_100k); Georgia's is published (2024, all causes: 36,150.7). 0 where the group had no visits; NULL where it has no residents in the place (num_population 0). The highest, 75,122.3 (all, female, county 13173, 2019: 3,577 visits), is preserved as published.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"On cause = 'all' (every one of the place and group's visits) OASIS withholds this rate for 2-84 of the 159 counties a year (demographic = 'all'; male and female rows 7-92 counties a year, and many race-group rows), though never for Georgia. OASIS codes the withheld all-cause age-adjusted rate -3: in at least one of the place's age groups its ER visits outnumber its residents (a person can visit several times; OASIS shows no age-specific figure, so which group is not known). It was withheld for the fewest counties in 2020 (2), when visits fell. The crude rate is published on every such all, male and female row except Clinch County's women in 2012-2014 (3,470 visits, 3,466 women in 2013), whose visits outnumber them (OASIS withholds both rates); race-group rows often have no crude rate either (1-4 visits, visits outnumbering the group, or no population). No rate: the population OASIS divides by is zero in one of the place and group's age groups, so a crude rate can exist where this one does not (code -2, 323,913 rows); the count exceeds the population OASIS divides by in one of the place and group's age groups (code -3, 13,065 rows); OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 261,018 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). Never recompute a withheld rate from the counts. NULL on the race groups' rows (hispanic and the six non-Hispanic groups) of 146 county-years where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the county-year's visits (race_unknown / all on the topic's total): our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items; the all, sex and race_unknown rows and the population are kept.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"er_visit_rate_per_100k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Er Visit Rate per 100k","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's crude ER visit rate: visits per 100,000 residents of the place and group (num_er_visits / num_population x 100,000). Combine places or groups as SUM(num_er_visits) * 100000 / SUM(num_population) over rows with a count, within one cause (a race group pooled over counties leaves out the county-years the race mask NULLs, so it is not Georgia's). 0 where the group had no visits; NULL where it has no residents in the place (num_population 0). Georgia 2024, all causes: 35,977.1.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: the population OASIS divides by is zero (code -2, 208 rows); the count exceeds the population OASIS divides by (code -3, 625 rows); OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 282,527 rows); no residents in the group (population 0) and no visits, where OASIS shows 0: a rate on no population is undefined (our mask, 18,384 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). NULL on the race groups' rows (hispanic and the six non-Hispanic groups) of 146 county-years where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the county-year's visits (race_unknown / all on the topic's total): our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items; the all, sex and race_unknown rows and the population are kept.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_er_visits","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Er Visits","short_description":"","description":"ER visits of residents of the place and group that did not end in admission, whose principal diagnosis is in the cause or group: a person who visits twice counts twice. OASIS publishes every count, however small; NULL only by the race mask. A group's count includes its listed causes, so never sum across causes. race_unknown is our subtraction from OASIS's counts. Georgia 2024, all causes: 4,030,949.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL on the race groups' rows (hispanic and the six non-Hispanic groups) of 146 county-years where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the county-year's visits (race_unknown / all on the topic's total): our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items; the all, sex and race_unknown rows and the population are kept.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_population","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Population","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's population of the place and group (all ages; OASIS's population module), the crude rate's denominator. The same on every cause row of a place and group, so never sum it across causes. 0 for a group with no residents in the place, whose rates are then NULL.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL only on race_unknown rows: OASIS has no population for unknown race or ethnicity.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"age_adjusted_er_visit_rate_per_100k","numeric_filter_columns":["age_adjusted_er_visit_rate_per_100k","er_visit_rate_per_100k","num_er_visits","num_population"],"usage":"Look up one cause or group in a place and year, or follow it over time, with age_adjusted_er_visit_rate_per_100k: it removes differences in age mix, and never adds or averages across rows. For all causes OASIS withholds it in some counties: use er_visit_rate_per_100k there (published on every all, male and female row but Clinch County's women in 2012-2014). Causes nest, so never sum num_er_visits or num_population across causes; for one cause, combine places or groups by adding the counts of rows that have one: SUM(num_er_visits) * 100000 / SUM(num_population) over rows where num_er_visits is not NULL is their crude rate (pooled_rates), equal to er_visit_rate_per_100k on a single row where OASIS publishes it. The race mask NULLs a race group's counts in the county-years it covers (not Georgia's), so pool only rows that have a count: a race group pooled over counties then leaves those county-years out and is not Georgia's figure; use Georgia's own row. Compare causes only within one level: the 15 groups with each other, or the causes listed in one group. Pin demographic = 'all' and cause = 'all' for totals; race groups exist from 2016. These are visits, not people, and leave out visits that ended in admission (hospital_discharges_by_cause has those). er_visits_by_payer counts the same visits by payer: never add figures across the two. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"ER visits by Georgia residents at Georgia's non-federal hospitals, by home county, not ending in admission (those are hospital_discharges_by_cause): a person who visits twice counts twice; out-of-state visits are missing, so border counties look low. Causes nest: never add them. OASIS withholds the all-cause age-adjusted rate for 2-84 counties a year (never Georgia): use er_visit_rate_per_100k. Race groups start in 2016 and run low (unknown ethnicity is only in race_unknown; NULL above 20%). Some counties' visits drop for a year (missing hospital records, our reading): compare a county's years with care. OASIS withholds rates on 1-4 visits (NULL here). Age-adjusted rates are OASIS's: weighted averages of age-specific rates with the year 2000 U.S. standard million as weights, so places and groups with different age mixes compare fairly; they never add or average across rows. OASIS publishes every count, however small, and withholds rates based on 1-4 events (NULL here); the platform adds no suppression of its own and never recomputes a withheld rate. A group with no residents in a place (num_population 0) has no rate (NULL): OASIS shows a crude rate of 0 there (and withholds the age-adjusted rate itself), but a rate on no population is undefined and would rank as the lowest (our mask; the count stays 0). OASIS codes the withheld all-cause age-adjusted rate -3: in at least one of the place's age groups its ER visits outnumber its residents (a person can visit several times; OASIS shows no age-specific figure, so which group is not known). It was withheld for the fewest counties in 2020 (2), when visits fell. 33% of the other rows with at least one visit have no age-adjusted rate, mostly 1-4 visits in small counties, small groups and rare causes. An ER visit is one visit to the emergency room of a non-federal hospital in Georgia, by the patient's county of residence, that did not end in an inpatient admission: OASIS counts a patient seen in the ER and admitted as a hospital discharge (hospital_discharges_by_cause) and keeps the two mutually exclusive, so no visit is counted in both. A person who visits twice counts twice, and visits of Georgia residents to other states' hospitals are not counted, so counties near another state's hospitals may look low. Counties beside out-of-state hospitals (Chattanooga, Tennessee; Eufaula, Alabama) show it most: all-cause crude rates per 100,000 in 2024 of Dade 3,122.1, Catoosa 10,455.7, Quitman 7,146.0, against Georgia's 35,977.1 (our reading: their residents use those hospitals). Some counties' visits drop for one year and recover, which looks like a hospital's ER records missing (our reading; kept as published, and in Georgia's total): the 11 county-years under half the mean of the years either side are Miller 2003, Burke 2004, Washington 2006, Walker, Catoosa and Dade 2007, Wayne 2009, Atkinson and Coffee 2011, Candler 2013, Tift 2015 (Walker: 15,713 visits in 2006, 1,512 in 2007, 15,927 in 2008; Candler: 5,481, 1,854 and 6,918 in 2012-2014, and OASIS notes Candler's hospital did not report discharges in 2013); Washington's visits run 1,525-1,992 a year through 2006 and 7,999-12,088 from 2007. OASIS also notes, for discharges, that Hart County Hospital closed in July 2012 without reporting that year; Hart's ER visits drop too (9,654 in 2011, 5,124 in 2012). Compare a county's years with care (https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/KDIMorb.html). Six southwest Georgia counties (Brooks, Colquitt, Decatur, Grady, Mitchell and Thomas) show cancer and anemia visits many times their other years' in 2011-2013 (Thomas County's cancer visits: 12 in 2010, 510 in 2012, 31 in 2014; the six had 1,353 of Georgia's 3,606 cancer visits in 2011): kept as published, probably a recording change (our reading). OASIS's hospital data records no ethnicity before 2016 (every visit of earlier years is unknown ethnicity), so the race groups, which are built from race x ethnicity (hispanic of any race, the rest non-Hispanic), start in 2016; earlier years have all, male and female rows only. From 2016 some hospitals still record no ethnicity: 5.9% (2024) to 16.4% (2016) of Georgia's visits a year are race_unknown, almost all of unknown ethnicity, and in some counties far more (up to 98% of a county's visits in a year), so the race groups' counts and rates run low, unevenly by county and year; OASIS itself advises caution with Hispanic figures. Small race groups' rates can also run implausibly high where hospital records and the Census estimates classify race differently: OASIS withholds the crude rate on 622 race-group rows whose visits outnumber the group's residents (Houston County's multiracial residents in 2017: 35,151 visits, population 5,559), and Georgia's native_american crude rate is 65,505.3 in 2021 against 36,640.3 in 2024. Visits outnumber the group on no all, male or female row but Clinch County's women in 2012-2014 (3,470 visits, 3,466 women in 2013): OASIS withholds both rates there. Where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of a place-year's visits (race_unknown / all), the race groups' counts and rates for that place and year are NULL (our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items): each group's count would miss its share of the unknowns, so its rate runs low and its trend follows the recording, not the group. The all, sex and race_unknown rows are kept, so the unknown share stays visible. It applies to 146 county-years (49 counties, never Georgia). race_unknown is our calculation, all minus the seven race groups (unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race): a count with no population or rate. Causes are coded in ICD-9-CM until September 2015 and ICD-10-CM from October 2015, which breaks some causes' series (OASIS's reporting-issues page), 2015 mixing both: Georgia's substance_use_disorders 4,329 in 2014 and 38,036 in 2017; other_mental_and_behavioral_disorders 102,578 in 2014 and 76,127 in 2017; hypertensive_heart_disease 221 in 2014 and 4,654 in 2017; hypertensive_heart_and_chronic_kidney_disease 106 in 2014 and 3,242 in 2017; hiv_disease 593 in 2014 and 293 in 2017; respiratory_distress_syndrome 16 in 2014 and 88 in 2017; accidental_shooting 1,272 in 2014 and 2,005 in 2017; other_chronic_lower_respiratory_diseases 3,971 in 2014 and 2,694 in 2017; unintentional_poisoning 8,806 in 2014 and 13,361 in 2017; alcoholic_liver_disease 312 in 2014 and 567 in 2017. lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus has no rows from 2016 (Georgia: 1 visit in 2014, 3 in 2015): OASIS defines it as P20-P21, codes ICD-10-CM does not have, so no visit can carry it (rows dropped, not served as zeros). sids is 0 in every place from 2016 (Georgia: 4 visits in 2014, 3 in 2015; the break is undocumented, and ICD-10-CM has R95, so its 0s are kept as published): its 0s from 2016 are probably not real absences (our reading). Neither has a series after 2015. Within a group the listed causes never overlap but need not add up to it: they do exactly only in endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases, mental_and_behavioral_disorders, nervous_system_diseases, genitourinary_diseases; elsewhere the rest of the group is in no listed cause (heart failure in major_cardiovascular_diseases, for example). The 15 groups never overlap either, and 33% to 37% of Georgia's visits a year are in none of them, such as symptoms without a diagnosis (chest or abdominal pain), pregnancy, and skin, eye and ear conditions (our reading: OASIS's list has no group for them). Visits fell from 4,159,155 in 2019 to 3,246,307 in 2020 (the COVID-19 pandemic). On all rows, OASIS's rates of breast, cervical, uterine, ovarian, prostate and testicular cancer divide by the whole population, both sexes; the male and female rows divide by that sex's population. num_population is OASIS's own population (its population module) for the place, year and group, the denominator of every crude rate (num_er_visits / num_population x 100,000 reproduces each published crude rate); the race groups' populations add to all, as do male and female. 2025, the newest year, was added to OASIS on 2026-09-03; OASIS marks no year provisional. Counties add up to Georgia, except race groups from 2016, whose counts are NULL in the county-years the race mask covers (Georgia's race rows count every county, so a race group's counties add up to less there). Not served: OASIS's deduplicated measures (people rather than stays or visits), its SES-vulnerability rows and payer 'rates' (each divides by the whole place's population; payer counts and shares are their own topic), age and education breakdowns, and the significance-flag and percent measures. tract_geoid is always NULL.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"schema_hash":"89a8e4de280bed6c24e3b92108da738cffdd711942024cc121d2e5d779c0503e","tags":["health","georgia department of public health, office of health indicators for planning","er_visits_by_cause"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, demographic, cause (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2025), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM er_visits_by_cause WHERE year = 2025 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by cause = all","query":"SELECT * FROM er_visits_by_cause WHERE cause = 'all' AND year = 2025 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"]},{"param":"cause","kind":"categorical","column":"cause","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","infectious_and_parasitic_diseases","septicemia","hiv_disease","tuberculosis","meningococcal_infection","covid_19","cancers","oral_cancer","esophageal_cancer","stomach_cancer","colorectal_cancer","liver_cancer","pancreatic_cancer","lung_cancer","melanoma","breast_cancer","cervical_cancer","uterine_cancer","ovarian_cancer","prostate_cancer","testicular_cancer","bladder_cancer","kidney_cancer","brain_cancer","hodgkin_lymphoma","leukemia","anemias","sickle_cell_anemia","endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases","diabetes","other_endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases","mental_and_behavioral_disorders","substance_use_disorders","other_mental_and_behavioral_disorders","nervous_system_diseases","alzheimers_disease","parkinsons_disease","other_nervous_system_diseases","major_cardiovascular_diseases","hypertension","rheumatic_heart_disease","hypertensive_heart_disease","ischemic_heart_disease","stroke","atherosclerosis","aortic_aneurysm_and_dissection","hypertensive_heart_and_chronic_kidney_disease","other_arterial_diseases","respiratory_diseases","influenza","pneumonia","bronchitis","emphysema","asthma","other_chronic_lower_respiratory_diseases","digestive_diseases","alcoholic_liver_disease","other_chronic_liver_disease_and_cirrhosis","genitourinary_diseases","kidney_diseases","kidney_infections","other_genitourinary_diseases","musculoskeletal_diseases","perinatal_conditions","prematurity_and_low_birth_weight","lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus","respiratory_distress_syndrome","perinatal_infections","birth_defects","nervous_system_malformations","sids","external_causes","motor_vehicle_crashes","falls","accidental_shooting","drowning","fire_and_smoke_exposure","unintentional_poisoning","suffocation","other_unintentional_injuries","self_harm","assault","legal_intervention"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"cause","reason":"Causes nest: each of the 15 groups contains the causes listed in it and all contains every visit, so visits summed across causes count the same visits more than once; num_population is the place and group's whole population, repeated on every cause row."}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[{"column":"er_visit_rate_per_100k","numerator":"num_er_visits","denominator":"num_population","scale":100000}],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":{"count":5,"reason":"OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 ER visits (shown as * on OASIS), so no figure combined from fewer than 5 ER visits is given."},"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/er_visits_by_cause/values"}