{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"oasis","topic":"er_visits_by_payer","key":"health/oasis/er_visits_by_payer","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2002,"year_max":2025,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/er_visits_by_payer/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","cause","payer"],"title":"Emergency Room Visits by Payer (OASIS Detailed Causes, Nested)","summary":"Each payer's share of emergency room visits not ending in admission (Medicaid, Medicare, private, self-pay, PeachCare, other, unknown) by principal diagnosis, Georgia and its counties, 2002-2025 (DPH OASIS).","description":"Payer mix of emergency room visits of Georgia residents that did not end in an inpatient admission: each payer's share of the visits, by the primary payer the hospital recorded (Medicaid, Medicare, private insurance, self-pay, PeachCare, all other payers, unknown) and by principal diagnosis in Georgia DPH OASIS's Detailed cause list, nested (15 cause groups and the 68 causes listed within them, plus all causes). Georgia and each of its 159 counties, 2002-2025: the payer's share of the visits (key metric, our calculation), the payer's visits and all visits of the place, year and cause. A visit that ends in admission is counted only as a hospital discharge (its payer is in hospital_discharges_by_payer): OASIS keeps the two mutually exclusive. Georgia 2024, all causes: private insurance 33.3%, Medicaid 22.9%, Medicare 19.7%, self-pay 18.5%; by county Medicaid runs from 9.9% (Forsyth) to 34.9% (Clinch) and self-pay from 2.7% (Bleckley) to 43.8% (Echols), leaving out Dade and Fannin, whose 2024 shares reflect payer coding (limitations). Use it for who pays for ER visits, overall or for one condition. For ER visit rates, comparisons across places, race and sex use er_visits_by_cause, whose visits are this topic's num_er_visits_all_payers: never add across the two.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["who pays ER visits","ER visits by insurance","emergency room insurance","medicaid ER visits","medicare ER visits","uninsured ER visits","self-pay ER visits","private insurance ER","ER medical bills","ER payer mix"],"es":["quién paga urgencias","seguro en emergencias","urgencias con medicaid","urgencias sin seguro","urgencias con medicare","emergencias por seguro","seguro médico urgencias","asegurados y sin seguro","pago particular urgencias","cobertura en emergencias"]},"source":"Georgia Department of Public Health, Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP), OASIS Data Table Tool, Emergency Room Visits by payor (OASIS Detailed Causes; Georgia Hospital Association billing data)","source_url":"https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/er","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/er_visits_by_payer","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Calendar year of the visit, 2002-2025.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit FIPS of the patient's county of residence (FK to the counties dimension); NULL on Georgia's statewide row.","valid_values":null,"example":"13067","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: state and county rows only.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"cause","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Cause","short_description":"Principal diagnosis (OASIS detailed cause, nested)","description":"Principal diagnosis of the visit in OASIS's Detailed list, nested (injuries by external cause): all (every visit, OASIS's All Causes), then 15 groups, each containing the causes listed after it (68 in all). infectious_and_parasitic_diseases (A00-B99 (001-139), with COVID-19) contains septicemia (OASIS: Blood Poisoning, A40-A41 (038)), hiv_disease (OASIS: HIV/AIDS, B20-B24 (042-044)), tuberculosis (OASIS: TB, A15-A19 (010-018)), meningococcal_infection (OASIS: Meningitis, but its codes are A39 (036), meningococcal infection, only), covid_19 (U07.1, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19); cancers (malignant neoplasms, C00-C97 (140-208)) contains oral_cancer (lip, oral cavity and pharynx), esophageal_cancer (OASIS: Throat Cancer, C15 (150), the esophagus), stomach_cancer, colorectal_cancer (OASIS: Colon Cancer; colon, rectum and anus), liver_cancer, pancreatic_cancer, lung_cancer (trachea, bronchus and lung), melanoma (OASIS: Skin Cancer, C43 (172), melanoma only), breast_cancer, cervical_cancer, uterine_cancer (corpus uteri and uterus, part unspecified), ovarian_cancer, prostate_cancer, testicular_cancer, bladder_cancer, kidney_cancer (kidney and renal pelvis), brain_cancer (brain, meninges and central nervous system), hodgkin_lymphoma (OASIS: Lymph Cancer (Hodgkin's Disease), C81 (201) only; no non-Hodgkin lymphoma), leukemia; anemias (OASIS: Blood Diseases (Anemias), D50-D64 (280-285)) contains sickle_cell_anemia (D57.0-D57.3, D57.8, D58.2 (282.5-282.6): sickle-cell disease and trait); endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases contains diabetes, other_endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases (OASIS: All other ...); mental_and_behavioral_disorders contains substance_use_disorders (OASIS: Disorders Related to Drug Use, F10-F19 (291-293): mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol and other drug use, not poisonings or overdoses; dependence and abuse (303-305) were in other_mental_and_behavioral_disorders before October 2015), other_mental_and_behavioral_disorders (OASIS: All other ...); nervous_system_diseases contains alzheimers_disease, parkinsons_disease, other_nervous_system_diseases (OASIS: All other ...); major_cardiovascular_diseases (I00-I78 (390-434, 436-448), including heart failure and other heart disease, which no listed cause holds) contains hypertension (OASIS: High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), I10, I12, I1A.0 (401, 403)), rheumatic_heart_disease (OASIS: Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, I00-I09), hypertensive_heart_disease (I11 (402)), ischemic_heart_disease (OASIS: Obstructive Heart Disease (incl. Heart Attack), I20-I25 (410-414, 429.2)), stroke (I60-I69 (430-434, 436-438)), atherosclerosis (OASIS: Hardening of the Arteries, I70 (440)), aortic_aneurysm_and_dissection, hypertensive_heart_and_chronic_kidney_disease (I13 (404); OASIS's label was All other Diseases of Heart until March 2025), other_arterial_diseases (OASIS: All other Other Diseases of Circulatory System, I72-I78 (442-448)); respiratory_diseases contains influenza (OASIS: Flu, J09-J11 (487)), pneumonia, bronchitis (J40-J42 (490-491); under ICD-10-CM also COPD (J44) with bronchitis as a secondary diagnosis), emphysema, asthma (J45-J46 (493); under ICD-10-CM also COPD (J44) with asthma as a secondary diagnosis), other_chronic_lower_respiratory_diseases (OASIS: All other Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases, J44 and J47 (494, 496); OASIS's definitions say ICD-10-CM leaves J44 out; Georgia's ER visits fell from 3,971 (2014) to 2,694 (2017)); digestive_diseases (OASIS: Digestive System Diseases, K00-K93 (520-579)) contains alcoholic_liver_disease (K70 (571.0-571.3)), other_chronic_liver_disease_and_cirrhosis (OASIS: All other ..., K73-K74); genitourinary_diseases (OASIS: Reproductive and Urinary System Diseases, N00-N99) contains kidney_diseases (OASIS: Kidney Diseases, N00-N07, N17-N19, N25-N27 (580-589)), kidney_infections, other_genitourinary_diseases (OASIS: All other ...); musculoskeletal_diseases (OASIS: Bone and Muscle Diseases, M00-M99 (710-739)) (no causes listed in it); perinatal_conditions (OASIS: Fetal and Infant Conditions, P00-P96) contains prematurity_and_low_birth_weight (OASIS: Prematurity, P07 (765)), lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus (P20-P21 (768), intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia; ICD-10-CM has no P20-P21, so the cause has no rows from 2016: no series after 2015), respiratory_distress_syndrome (P22 (769), respiratory distress of newborn), perinatal_infections (OASIS: Birth-Related Infections, P35-P39); birth_defects (Q00-Q99 (740-759)) contains nervous_system_malformations (OASIS: Neural Tube Defects, but its codes are Q00-Q07 (740-742): every congenital malformation of the nervous system); sids (R95 (798.0); 0 in every place from 2016, an undocumented break) (no causes listed in it); external_causes (injuries of every intent, V00-Y97 (E800-E999), assigned by external cause when the principal diagnosis is an injury) contains motor_vehicle_crashes (OASIS: Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVC)), falls, accidental_shooting (OASIS: Accidental Shooting, W32-W34 (E922)), drowning (accidental drowning and submersion), fire_and_smoke_exposure (accidental exposure to smoke, fire and flames), unintentional_poisoning (OASIS: Poisoning, X40-X49 (E850-E869, E924.1): unintentional poisoning, mostly by drugs), suffocation, other_unintentional_injuries (OASIS: All Other Unintentional Injury), self_harm (OASIS: Intentional Self-Harm (Suicide), X60-X84, Y87.0 (E950-E959): self-harm, including suicide attempts), assault (OASIS: Assault (Homicide), X85-Y09, Y87.1 (E960-E969)), legal_intervention. A group's listed causes never overlap and never add to more than the group; they add up to it exactly only in endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases, mental_and_behavioral_disorders, nervous_system_diseases, genitourinary_diseases. The groups never overlap and add to no more than all (some visits are in none of them). Never sum across causes. Codes are ICD-10-CM (ICD-9-CM before October 2015): https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefMorb.html.","valid_values":["all","infectious_and_parasitic_diseases","septicemia","hiv_disease","tuberculosis","meningococcal_infection","covid_19","cancers","oral_cancer","esophageal_cancer","stomach_cancer","colorectal_cancer","liver_cancer","pancreatic_cancer","lung_cancer","melanoma","breast_cancer","cervical_cancer","uterine_cancer","ovarian_cancer","prostate_cancer","testicular_cancer","bladder_cancer","kidney_cancer","brain_cancer","hodgkin_lymphoma","leukemia","anemias","sickle_cell_anemia","endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases","diabetes","other_endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases","mental_and_behavioral_disorders","substance_use_disorders","other_mental_and_behavioral_disorders","nervous_system_diseases","alzheimers_disease","parkinsons_disease","other_nervous_system_diseases","major_cardiovascular_diseases","hypertension","rheumatic_heart_disease","hypertensive_heart_disease","ischemic_heart_disease","stroke","atherosclerosis","aortic_aneurysm_and_dissection","hypertensive_heart_and_chronic_kidney_disease","other_arterial_diseases","respiratory_diseases","influenza","pneumonia","bronchitis","emphysema","asthma","other_chronic_lower_respiratory_diseases","digestive_diseases","alcoholic_liver_disease","other_chronic_liver_disease_and_cirrhosis","genitourinary_diseases","kidney_diseases","kidney_infections","other_genitourinary_diseases","musculoskeletal_diseases","perinatal_conditions","prematurity_and_low_birth_weight","lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus","respiratory_distress_syndrome","perinatal_infections","birth_defects","nervous_system_malformations","sids","external_causes","motor_vehicle_crashes","falls","accidental_shooting","drowning","fire_and_smoke_exposure","unintentional_poisoning","suffocation","other_unintentional_injuries","self_harm","assault","legal_intervention"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"payer","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Payer","short_description":"Primary payer (Medicaid, Medicare, private, ...)","description":"The primary payer the hospital recorded for the visit (OASIS: the primary entity responsible for payment): medicaid (Medicaid (Title XIX)); medicare (Medicare: people 65 and older, some disabled people under 65, and people with end-stage kidney disease); private_insurance (OASIS: Private Insurance, which includes Blue Cross/Blue Shield, HMO and other managed care, commercial insurance, PPO and POS plans and the State Health Benefit Plan); self_pay (OASIS: Self-Pay: no proof of insurance, patients filing their own claims or paying their own bills, Hill-Burton and charity cases); peachcare (PeachCare for Kids, Georgia's Children's Health Insurance Program, for children through 18 who do not qualify for Medicaid); other (OASIS: All other payors (all other plans)); unknown (OASIS: Unknown payors (no payer recorded)). The payers never overlap and add up to every one (the all-payer count beside them); there is no total row. Definitions: https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefMorb.html.","valid_values":["medicaid","medicare","private_insurance","self_pay","peachcare","other","unknown"],"example":"medicaid","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_of_er_visits","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of ER Visits","short_description":"The payer's share of the visits (our calculation)","description":"The payer's share of all visits of the place, year and cause: num_er_visits / num_er_visits_all_payers, our calculation from OASIS's counts. Unknown payer is in the denominator, so the payers' shares add up to 1. Combine places or years within one payer and cause as SUM(num_er_visits) / SUM(num_er_visits_all_payers), never an average of shares. Georgia 2024, all causes: private_insurance 0.3328, medicaid 0.2287, medicare 0.1974, self_pay 0.1854, other 0.0506, unknown 0.0049, peachcare 0.0002.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL only where the place had no visits for the cause in the year (109,404 place-cause-years, 745,212 rows, every payer row): a share of nothing is undefined (our rule; the counts stay 0).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_er_visits","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":false,"label":"Number Er Visits","short_description":"","description":"ER visits that did not end in admission: a person who visits twice counts twice. The visits of the place, year and cause whose primary payer is this payer. OASIS publishes every count, however small; never NULL. The payers add up to num_er_visits_all_payers; never sum across causes.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"numerator"},{"name":"num_er_visits_all_payers","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":false,"label":"Number Er Visits All Payers","short_description":"","description":"All visits of the place, year and cause, every payer and unknown payer included (OASIS's All Payors, the payers' num_er_visits summed), repeated on each payer's row as the share's denominator. Never sum it across payers or causes.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"denominator"}],"key_metric":"pct_of_er_visits","numeric_filter_columns":["pct_of_er_visits","num_er_visits","num_er_visits_all_payers"],"usage":"Look up payer mix with pct_of_er_visits: the payers (seven from 2006, six before) for one place, year and cause (pin cause = 'all' for every visit), or one payer over time. There is no payer total row: num_er_visits_all_payers is every visit. Combine places or years within one payer and cause by adding counts: SUM(num_er_visits) / SUM(num_er_visits_all_payers), never an average of shares. num_er_visits adds up across the payers to num_er_visits_all_payers, which repeats on every payer row, so never sum it across payers. Causes nest, so never sum across causes; compare causes only within one level. These are visits, not people, and leave out visits that ended in admission (hospital_discharges_by_payer has their payers). er_visits_by_cause counts the same visits (its num_er_visits equals this topic's num_er_visits_all_payers) and has the rates, race and sex: never add figures across the two. peachcare has rows from 2006. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Our calculation from OASIS's counts: each payer's share of ER visits of Georgia residents not ending in admission (admitted visits are in hospital_discharges_by_payer), the payer's visits over all visits of the place, year and cause. These are visits, not people. Unknown payer is in the denominator, so the payers' shares add up to 1. For rates, race or sex, use er_visits_by_cause, which counts the same visits: never add the two. Some county-years reflect a hospital's payer coding. Causes nest: never add them. peachcare (PeachCare for Kids, which began covering children in 1998) has no visit in any place before 2006, so it has no rows then (not recorded, so no value can exist), then 24,113 in Georgia in 2006, 1,314 in 2007 and 660-8,564 a year after: hospitals rarely record it as the primary payer, and its visits are probably counted under other payers (our reading). Statewide shifts between payers (Georgia's shares of visits): Medicaid is 24.4% in 2002, the module's first year, and 28.0% in 2003 (649,047 and 807,802 visits), as Fulton's visits rise from 189,115 to 250,897 (probably visits missing in 2002, our reading). In 2006 Medicaid falls (27.8% to 23.9%) and private insurance rises (29.3% to 31.7%) as PeachCare appears, the year Georgia moved most Medicaid and PeachCare members into managed-care plans (Georgia Families; the link is our reading). In 2007 self-pay jumps from 835,851 visits to 1,084,651 and falls back to 865,273 in 2008 (the county coding blocks below), and all other payers rise from 3.1% to 4.7% and stay higher. From 2008 to 2010 private insurance falls (29.6% to 24.1%) and Medicaid rises (24.1% to 27.8%; the recession, our reading). In 2020 visits fall from 4,159,155 to 3,246,307 (COVID-19), and Medicaid loses the most (1,135,480 to 790,953). Self-pay falls from 24.5% in 2020 to 17.0% in 2023, while Medicaid's pandemic continuous enrollment lasted, and Medicaid falls from 27.8% in 2023 to 22.9% in 2024 (1,088,806 to 921,884 visits; 884,106 in 2025) after it ended, as private insurance rises from 25.3% in 2022 to 34.6% in 2025 (942,158 to 1,406,529 visits; our reading of both). In 154 county-years (63 counties) a payer's share sits far from the county's usual level, mostly for one to a few years before it returns, which probably reflects one hospital's payer coding, not the county's payer mix (our reading; a payer's share more than 25 points from the county's own median over the years, with 300 or more visits). Cobb 2007: self-pay 81.7% of 156,158 visits, against 24.3% in 2006 and 26.6% in 2008; the 22 counties flagged in 2007 make 93% of Georgia's 2007 rise in self-pay and 90% of its 2008 fall. Dougherty 2016: all other payers 81.2% of 32,798 visits, against 23.0% in 2015 and 6.0% in 2017; the 12 counties flagged in 2016 make 74% of Georgia's 2016 rise in all other payers and more than all (124%) of its 2017 fall, and the 2022 counties 42% of its 2023 fall. Some runs last years (Sumter 2009-2016, Randolph 2013-2020, Upson 2017-2022), and those flagged in 2025 (Dade, Fannin, Franklin, Greene and Hart) may not have ended. All of them: Atkinson 2007-2008; Bacon 2014; Baldwin 2022; Bibb 2002; Calhoun 2016; Camden 2009-2011; Carroll 2002-2003; Chatham 2008; Cherokee 2007; Clay 2012-2013, 2015-2017; Cobb 2007; Coffee 2007-2008; Crawford 2022; Crisp 2002; Dade 2021-2025; Dawson 2007; Dougherty 2016; Douglas 2007; Early 2011-2013; Fannin 2023-2025; Fayette 2002, 2007; Forsyth 2007; Franklin 2025; Gilmer 2002-2005; Glascock 2007; Glynn 2008-2011; Gordon 2007; Grady 2007; Greene 2025; Haralson 2003; Hart 2025; Henry 2002-2003, 2005-2009; Houston 2012; Irwin 2007; Lee 2016; Lumpkin 2003-2005; Macon 2016; McDuffie 2007-2009; McIntosh 2008-2011; Miller 2014; Morgan 2012-2017; Murray 2011, 2013; Paulding 2007; Peach 2002, 2022; Pickens 2002-2004, 2007; Randolph 2013-2020; Schley 2002, 2007, 2010-2016; Spalding 2002; Stewart 2008-2009; Sumter 2002-2004, 2007, 2009-2016; Taylor 2021-2022; Terrell 2016; Thomas 2007; Tift 2007; Turner 2007; Upson 2017-2022; Walker 2021-2023; Warren 2007-2009; Webster 2008-2009, 2013, 2015-2016; Whitfield 2011, 2013; Wilkes 2003; Wilkinson 2022; Worth 2013, 2015-2016. Compare a county's shares across years with care. Unknown payer is 0.9%-3.7% of Georgia's visits a year before 2012, at most 0.17% in 2012-2018 and 0.3%-1.0% from 2019, but up to 82.2% of a county's (Sumter 2007; from 2012 at most 53.5%, Fannin 2023), which lowers every other payer's share there. The payer is the primary payer as recorded on each record, and coding shifts show as jumps between payers. OASIS counts HMO and other managed care under private insurance and does not say where Medicare Advantage or Medicaid managed-care plans fall (our caution). An ER visit is one visit to the emergency room of a non-federal hospital in Georgia, by the patient's county of residence, that did not end in an inpatient admission: OASIS counts a patient seen in the ER and admitted as a hospital discharge (hospital_discharges_by_cause, with payers in hospital_discharges_by_payer) and keeps the two mutually exclusive, so no visit is counted in both. Visits of Georgia residents to other states' hospitals are not counted, so counties near another state's hospitals have few visits and their shares describe only the visits counted. er_visits_by_cause names the county-years whose visits drop for one year (missing hospital records, our reading): there a county's shares describe only the visits reported. Causes are coded in ICD-9-CM until September 2015 and ICD-10-CM from October 2015, which breaks some causes' series (OASIS's reporting-issues page), 2015 mixing both; lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus has no rows from 2016 (P20-P21, codes ICD-10-CM does not have, so no visit can carry it), and sids is 0 in every place from 2016 (an undocumented break), so its shares from 2016 are NULL. There is no payer total row: num_er_visits_all_payers is every visit of the place, year and cause. A share is NULL only where the place had no visits for the cause in the year. 2025, the newest year, was added to OASIS on 2026-09-03; OASIS marks no year provisional. Counties add up to Georgia. OASIS's payer 'rates' are not served: each divides a payer's count by the whole place's population, not by that payer's enrollees. Also not served: OASIS's deduplicated measures (people rather than visits), significance flags and percents. tract_geoid is always NULL.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"schema_hash":"a8ebd5a61925c168b5f3e47e451a97139612f8ab1e76e01f87d7b9b709e88e2f","tags":["health","georgia department of public health, office of health indicators for planning","er_visits_by_payer"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, cause, payer (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Payer mix of Georgia's ER visits, latest year, all causes","query":"SELECT payer, pct_of_er_visits, num_er_visits, num_er_visits_all_payers FROM er_visits_by_payer WHERE year = 2025 AND county_fips IS NULL AND cause = 'all' ORDER BY pct_of_er_visits DESC"},{"description":"Medicaid's share of each county's ER visits, latest year","query":"SELECT county_fips, pct_of_er_visits, num_er_visits, num_er_visits_all_payers FROM er_visits_by_payer WHERE year = 2025 AND county_fips IS NOT NULL AND cause = 'all' AND payer = 'medicaid' ORDER BY pct_of_er_visits DESC"},{"description":"Who pays for asthma ER visits in Georgia, over time","query":"SELECT year, payer, pct_of_er_visits FROM er_visits_by_payer WHERE county_fips IS NULL AND cause = 'asthma' ORDER BY year, payer"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"cause","kind":"categorical","column":"cause","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","infectious_and_parasitic_diseases","septicemia","hiv_disease","tuberculosis","meningococcal_infection","covid_19","cancers","oral_cancer","esophageal_cancer","stomach_cancer","colorectal_cancer","liver_cancer","pancreatic_cancer","lung_cancer","melanoma","breast_cancer","cervical_cancer","uterine_cancer","ovarian_cancer","prostate_cancer","testicular_cancer","bladder_cancer","kidney_cancer","brain_cancer","hodgkin_lymphoma","leukemia","anemias","sickle_cell_anemia","endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases","diabetes","other_endocrine_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases","mental_and_behavioral_disorders","substance_use_disorders","other_mental_and_behavioral_disorders","nervous_system_diseases","alzheimers_disease","parkinsons_disease","other_nervous_system_diseases","major_cardiovascular_diseases","hypertension","rheumatic_heart_disease","hypertensive_heart_disease","ischemic_heart_disease","stroke","atherosclerosis","aortic_aneurysm_and_dissection","hypertensive_heart_and_chronic_kidney_disease","other_arterial_diseases","respiratory_diseases","influenza","pneumonia","bronchitis","emphysema","asthma","other_chronic_lower_respiratory_diseases","digestive_diseases","alcoholic_liver_disease","other_chronic_liver_disease_and_cirrhosis","genitourinary_diseases","kidney_diseases","kidney_infections","other_genitourinary_diseases","musculoskeletal_diseases","perinatal_conditions","prematurity_and_low_birth_weight","lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus","respiratory_distress_syndrome","perinatal_infections","birth_defects","nervous_system_malformations","sids","external_causes","motor_vehicle_crashes","falls","accidental_shooting","drowning","fire_and_smoke_exposure","unintentional_poisoning","suffocation","other_unintentional_injuries","self_harm","assault","legal_intervention"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"payer","kind":"categorical","column":"payer","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["medicaid","medicare","private_insurance","self_pay","peachcare","other","unknown"],"has_total":false,"total_value":null,"requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"cause","reason":"Causes nest: each of the 15 groups contains the causes listed in it and all contains every visit, so visits summed across causes count the same visits more than once."},{"column":"payer","reason":"num_er_visits_all_payers is all visits of the place, year and cause, repeated on every payer's row, so summed across payers it counts the same visits once per payer. num_er_visits adds up across the payers to num_er_visits_all_payers.","metrics":["num_er_visits_all_payers"]}],"partitions":[{"column":"payer","share":"pct_of_er_visits","reason":"The payers never overlap and together are all visits of the place, year and cause, unknown payer included: each payer's pct_of_er_visits is its num_er_visits over num_er_visits_all_payers, so across the payers the shares add up to 1 and num_er_visits adds up to num_er_visits_all_payers."}],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":null,"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/er_visits_by_payer/values"}