{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"cdc_places","topic":"health_related_social_needs","key":"health/cdc_places/health_related_social_needs","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2023,"year_max":2023,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","tracts"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/health_related_social_needs/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","measure"],"title":"Health-Related Social Needs Among Adults","summary":"Estimated share of adults facing food or housing insecurity, utility shut-off threats, transportation barriers or loneliness, by county and tract.","description":"Model-based estimates of how many adults face health-related social needs in every Georgia county and census tract, from CDC PLACES (2025 release): the crude share with its 95% confidence interval for seven measures (lack of social and emotional support; food insecurity; receiving food stamps, or SNAP; housing insecurity, meaning being unable to pay the mortgage, rent or utility bills; lack of reliable transportation; loneliness; a utility company's threat to shut off service), plus the age-adjusted share for counties. Five measures cover the past 12 months; loneliness and emotional support are current. Modeled from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, 2023, whose optional social determinants module Georgia asked that year.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["food insecurity","housing insecurity","loneliness","social isolation","no transportation","utility shutoff","social determinants of health","SDOH","can't pay rent","food stamps"],"es":["inseguridad alimentaria","inseguridad de vivienda","soledad","aislamiento social","falta de transporte","corte de servicios","determinantes sociales de salud","no poder pagar renta","cupones de alimentos","hambre"]},"source":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, in partnership with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (PLACES' funder) and the CDC Foundation: PLACES: Local Data for Better Health, 2025 release, census tract (cwsq-ngmh) and county (swc5-untb) data on data.cdc.gov; model-based estimates from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS 2023), Census Bureau population data and American Community Survey estimates; Georgia rows as retrieved 2026-10-24","source_url":"https://www.cdc.gov/places/","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/health_related_social_needs","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"BRFSS survey year the estimate is modeled from, as CDC serves it (2023 for every measure). Every row is from CDC's 2025 PLACES release and each measure has one year (see year_meaning).","valid_values":null,"example":2023,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (FK to the counties dimension), set on county rows. NULL on tract rows: the tracts dimension gives each tract's county.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row (the row's geography is tract_geoid).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"11-digit 2020 census tract GEOID (FK to the tracts dimension), set on tract rows. NULL on county rows. The 12 special-use and water tracts of the dimension have no estimates.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121000100","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"County row (the row's geography is county_fips).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"measure","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Measure","short_description":"CDC PLACES health-related social needs measure; pick one (measures never add).","description":"PLACES measure in CDC's Health-Related Social Needs category (CDC's measureid and full measure name, which names the adults the share is of, in parentheses): lack_of_social_emotional_support (EMOTIONSPT: Lack of social and emotional support among adults; BRFSS 2023); food_insecurity (FOODINSECU: Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults; BRFSS 2023); received_food_stamps (FOODSTAMP: Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults; BRFSS 2023); housing_insecurity (HOUSINSECU: Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults; BRFSS 2023); lack_of_reliable_transportation (LACKTRPT: Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults; BRFSS 2023); loneliness (LONELINESS: Loneliness among adults; BRFSS 2023); utility_shutoff_threat (SHUTUTILITY: Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults; BRFSS 2023). Every measure rests on BRFSS respondents' own answers; CDC's measure definitions: https://www.cdc.gov/places/measure-definitions/index.html. No total value: pick one measure; measures never add: one adult can count in several, even though every measure covers the same adults (all adults 18 and older). Definitions: lack_of_social_emotional_support: adults who say they sometimes, rarely or never get the social and emotional support they need, of all adults (current, not a past-year window; 'sometimes' counts, so the share is large). food_insecurity: adults who say the food they bought always, usually or sometimes did not last and they had no money to get more, in the past 12 months, of all adults. One survey question, not the U.S. Department of Agriculture's household food security scale, so it does not match USDA's food insecurity rates. received_food_stamps: adults who say they received food stamps (SNAP, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, on an EBT card) in the past 12 months, of all adults. Help received, a marker of low income, not an unmet need; a self-report, so it does not match SNAP program counts. housing_insecurity: adults who say they were not able to pay their mortgage, rent or utility bills at some time in the past 12 months, of all adults. CDC notes it is not a full measure of housing instability: it leaves out housing quality, crowding, safety and frequent moves. lack_of_reliable_transportation: adults who say a lack of reliable transportation kept them from medical appointments, meetings, work or getting things needed for daily living in the past 12 months, of all adults. loneliness: adults who say they always, usually or sometimes feel lonely, of all adults (current, not a past-year window; 'sometimes' counts, so the share is large). utility_shutoff_threat: adults who say an electric, gas, oil or water company threatened to shut off their service at some time in the past 12 months, of all adults.","valid_values":["lack_of_social_emotional_support","food_insecurity","received_food_stamps","housing_insecurity","lack_of_reliable_transportation","loneliness","utility_shutoff_threat"],"example":"lack_of_social_emotional_support","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of Adults (Crude Prevalence)","short_description":"Estimated share of the measure's adults in the county or tract (CDC model-based crude prevalence).","description":"Crude prevalence: CDC PLACES' model-based estimate of the share of adults in the county or tract with the measure, among the adults the measure covers (every measure counts adults 18 and older), as a proportion (CDC's percent divided by 100; 0.313 = 31.3%). It estimates how common the need actually is among the area's adults and is the only statistic CDC publishes for tracts, so it is on every row; tract and county figures come from separate models, so compare a tract with its county only with both intervals in view. An estimate, not a survey count: modeled from BRFSS answers with multilevel regression and post-stratification; read it with its 95% confidence interval. Never add across measures or average across places. Direction: for every measure higher means more adults report the hardship, except received_food_stamps, where higher means more adults got SNAP benefits: a marker of low income, but help received, not an unmet need.","valid_values":null,"example":0.313,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_ci_lower","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Crude Prevalence 95% CI Lower Bound","short_description":"","description":"Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults, as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.278,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_ci_upper","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Crude Prevalence 95% CI Upper Bound","short_description":"","description":"Upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults, as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.348,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_age_adjusted","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of Adults (Age-Adjusted Prevalence)","short_description":"","description":"Age-adjusted prevalence, county rows only: CDC's model-based estimate of the share the county would have with a standard U.S. adult age distribution, as a proportion. Use it to compare counties whose populations differ in age (a county with more older adults shows a lower crude share of these needs, which are more common among younger adults); use pct_adults for the actual share. NULL on tract rows: CDC publishes it for counties only.","valid_values":null,"example":0.265,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row: CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only (use pct_adults on tract rows).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_lower","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age-Adjusted Prevalence 95% CI Lower Bound","short_description":"","description":"Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults_age_adjusted (county rows only), as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.234,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row: CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only (use pct_adults on tract rows).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_upper","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age-Adjusted Prevalence 95% CI Upper Bound","short_description":"","description":"Upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults_age_adjusted (county rows only), as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.297,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row: CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only (use pct_adults on tract rows).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"pct_adults","numeric_filter_columns":["pct_adults","pct_adults_ci_lower","pct_adults_ci_upper","pct_adults_age_adjusted","pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_lower","pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_upper"],"usage":"Star-schema fact table at county and census-tract grain (each row carries exactly one of county_fips and tract_geoid; no state row). Join the counties dimension on county_fips and the tracts dimension on tract_geoid (it carries each tract's county_fips, name and 2020 population). Pick one measure: measures have no total and never add. pct_adults (crude prevalence) is the estimated share of the measure's adults in the area: how common the need actually is, and the only statistic CDC publishes for tracts. Tract and county figures come from separate models, so compare a tract with its county only with both intervals in view. To compare counties whose populations differ in age, use pct_adults_age_adjusted (counties only). Read every figure with its 95% confidence interval: these are model-based estimates, and two places whose intervals overlap may not differ. Never average tract figures into a county or county figures into Georgia. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet. Direction: for every measure higher means more adults report the hardship, except received_food_stamps, where higher means more adults got SNAP benefits: a marker of low income, but help received, not an unmet need.","limitations":"Model-based estimates, not survey counts: CDC PLACES (2025 release) estimates each county's and census tract's share of adults for each measure from BRFSS 2023 survey answers with multilevel regression and post-stratification on Census population data and American Community Survey estimates, so a figure is not a survey result for that tract or county. CDC cautions against using them to evaluate programs or policies (the model cannot detect the effects of local interventions). Releases are not comparable year to year: each is a new model, so a future release is not a trend point against this one. County rows: all 159 counties, each of the 7 measures, with crude and age-adjusted prevalence. Tract rows: 2,784 of Georgia's 2,796 2020 census tracts, crude prevalence only (CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only, so those columns are NULL on tract rows); the 12 special-use and water tracts (13029980000, 13039990000, 13051980000, 13051990000, 13063980000, 13089980000, 13121980000, 13127990000, 13179990000, 13183980000, 13191980000, 13191990000) have no estimates and no rows. No state row: the source publishes none, and modeled shares are never added or averaged into one here; never average tract figures into a county (use the county row) or county figures into Georgia. Measures never add up: each is a different estimate and one adult can count in several, even though every measure covers the same adults (all adults 18 and older). Estimates and their 95% confidence intervals are CDC's, rounded to 0.1 percentage point (0.001 here). CDC models counties and tracts separately (counties on Census 2023 county population estimates, tracts on the 2020 Census), so a county's estimate can fall outside the range of its own tracts' estimates (36 of 1,113 county figures here): compare a tract with its county only with both intervals in view. CDC publishes no counts of adults: a share times a population is only an approximation (the tracts dimension's population_2020 counts all ages). All seven measures come from BRFSS's optional Social Determinants and Health Equity module, which CDC models only for states that asked it (Georgia did in 2023); a release for a year Georgia skips the module would have none of these measures. Each rests on one self-reported survey question with its own wording and time window (see measure), so the estimates do not match other sources: food_insecurity is one question, not USDA's household food security scale (or estimates built on it); received_food_stamps is adults' own report, not SNAP caseloads from program records; housing_insecurity counts only being unable to pay the mortgage, rent or utility bills (not homelessness or housing quality) and overlaps utility_shutoff_threat, since a missed utility bill can lead to a shut-off threat.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2023],"schema_hash":"8023d35f3058adba7245766c7fca2a0c7fea630d50e51be4b48c492a21a09e2b","tags":["health","centers for disease control and prevention","health_related_social_needs"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, measure (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Every county's estimate for one measure (lack_of_social_emotional_support), highest first; no year filter (each measure has one BRFSS year, see year_meaning)","query":"SELECT * FROM health_related_social_needs WHERE measure = 'lack_of_social_emotional_support' AND county_fips IS NOT NULL ORDER BY pct_adults DESC"},{"description":"Every measure for one county (Fulton, 13121), no year filter","query":"SELECT * FROM health_related_social_needs WHERE county_fips = '13121' ORDER BY measure"},{"description":"Tract estimates for one measure (lack_of_social_emotional_support) in one county (Fulton: tract GEOIDs start with its county FIPS, 13121)","query":"SELECT * FROM health_related_social_needs WHERE measure = 'lack_of_social_emotional_support' AND tract_geoid LIKE '13121%' ORDER BY tract_geoid"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","tracts"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"measure","kind":"categorical","column":"measure","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["lack_of_social_emotional_support","food_insecurity","received_food_stamps","housing_insecurity","lack_of_reliable_transportation","loneliness","utility_shutoff_threat"],"has_total":false,"total_value":null,"requires_single_value":true,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"measure","reason":"Each measure is a different estimate, and one adult can count in several (an adult can face two needs, such as food and housing insecurity), so shares summed across measures count people more than once and are not the share with any of them, even though every measure covers the same adults (all adults 18 and older). There is no total: pick one measure."}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":"year is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey year each estimate is modeled from, as CDC serves it in its 2025 PLACES release (the only release here): 2023 for all 7 measures.","pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":null,"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/health_related_social_needs/values"}