{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"oasis","topic":"infant_deaths","key":"health/oasis/infant_deaths","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2000,"year_max":2025,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/infant_deaths/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","demographic","cause","age_at_death"],"title":"Infant Deaths and Infant Mortality Rates","summary":"Infant deaths and death rates per 1,000 live births by age at death (neonatal, postneonatal), cause, race and ethnicity, and sex, Georgia and its counties, 2000-2025 (DPH OASIS).","description":"Deaths of Georgia infants (under 1 year) by year of death, Georgia and each of its 159 counties, 2000-2025, from Georgia DPH OASIS: the death rate per 1,000 live births (key metric; at age_at_death = 'all' and cause = 'all' it is the infant mortality rate), the number of deaths and the live births of the same year it divides by. By age at death (all; neonatal, 0-27 days, split into early neonatal, 0-6 days, and late neonatal, 7-27 days; postneonatal, 28-364 days), by OASIS's infant cause list (4 nested groups: fetal and infant conditions, birth defects, SIDS, external causes, and 14 causes within them), overall, by race and ethnicity and by sex. Deaths are counted by year of death (period rates); the birth-cohort module, by year of birth, is a different set of deaths: never mix the two.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["infant mortality","babies dying","baby deaths","newborn deaths","SIDS","sudden infant death","neonatal deaths","infant death rate","birth defect deaths","deaths before age one"],"es":["mortalidad infantil","muerte infantil","muertes de bebés","bebés que mueren","muertes neonatales","muerte súbita del lactante","defunciones infantiles","SMSL","muertes de recién nacidos","muertes antes del año"]},"source":"Georgia Department of Public Health, Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP), OASIS Data Table Tool, Infant Mortality (by year of death); births: OASIS Births module","source_url":"https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/infantmortality","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/infant_deaths","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Calendar year of death, 2000-2025; births are those of the same calendar year (a period rate).","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit FIPS of the county of residence (FK to the counties dimension); NULL on Georgia's statewide row.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: state and county rows only.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"","description":"The group: all; race groups hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial, plus race_unknown (our calculation: all minus those seven; deaths only); gender male and female (the infant's sex). Deaths carry the infant's race and ethnicity from the death certificate; births carry the mother's. The race groups' deaths add up to all, except in the place-years our race mask NULLs them, and so do male and female.","valid_values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"cause","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Cause","short_description":"OASIS infant cause of death (nested)","description":"Underlying cause of the infant's death in OASIS's infant cause list, nested: all (every infant death, OASIS's All Causes), then 4 groups, each containing the causes listed after it. perinatal_conditions (OASIS: Fetal and Infant Conditions, P00-P96, conditions originating in the perinatal period) contains prematurity_and_low_birth_weight (OASIS: Prematurity, P07, disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight), lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus (P20-P21, intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia), respiratory_distress_syndrome (P22, respiratory distress of newborn), perinatal_infections (OASIS: Birth-Related Infections, P35-P39, infections specific to the perinatal period); birth_defects (Q00-Q99, congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities) contains nervous_system_malformations (OASIS: Neural Tube Defects, but its codes are Q00-Q07: every congenital malformation of the nervous system, not only neural tube defects); sids (sudden infant death syndrome, R95) (no causes listed in it); external_causes (V01-Y97, injuries of every intent, including undetermined intent and complications of medical care) contains motor_vehicle_crashes (OASIS: Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVC)), falls, accidental_shooting, drowning, fire_and_smoke_exposure, unintentional_poisoning (OASIS: Poisoning, X40-X49, accidental poisoning), suffocation (W75-W84, accidental suffocation: in bed, by gastric contents or food, in an airtight space or by a plastic bag (OASIS's description)), other_unintentional_injuries (OASIS: All Other Unintentional Injury), homicide (OASIS: Assault (Homicide), X85-Y09 and Y87.1). A group's listed causes never overlap and never add to more than the group, nor do they add up to it (the rest of the group is in no listed cause). The groups never overlap and add to no more than all: other infant deaths (infections, respiratory and circulatory diseases, ill-defined causes other than SIDS, and more) are in none of them. Never sum across causes. ICD-10 codes of each: https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefInfantDeath.html.","valid_values":["all","perinatal_conditions","prematurity_and_low_birth_weight","lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus","respiratory_distress_syndrome","perinatal_infections","birth_defects","nervous_system_malformations","sids","external_causes","motor_vehicle_crashes","falls","accidental_shooting","drowning","fire_and_smoke_exposure","unintentional_poisoning","suffocation","other_unintentional_injuries","homicide"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"age_at_death","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Age at Death","short_description":"Infant's age at death (nested periods)","description":"The infant's age at death, OASIS's periods: all (under 1 year, 0-364 days); neonatal (0-27 days); early_neonatal (0-6 days); late_neonatal (7-27 days); postneonatal (28-364 days). all = neonatal + postneonatal and neonatal = early_neonatal + late_neonatal, so never add neonatal to its parts; every period is per 1,000 live births. all is the infant mortality rate's deaths. Definitions: https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefInfantDeath.html.","valid_values":["all","neonatal","early_neonatal","late_neonatal","postneonatal"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"death_rate_per_1k_births","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Death Rate per 1k Births","short_description":"Deaths per 1,000 live births","description":"Infant deaths at the row's age at death per 1,000 live births of the place, year and group (num_deaths x 1,000 / num_births, OASIS's rate, reproduced on every row whose births are known); at age_at_death = 'all' and cause = 'all' it is the infant mortality rate. Combine places as SUM(num_deaths) * 1000 / SUM(num_births) over rows where both are published (the race mask NULLs one or the other on a race group's rows in some county-years); never add or average it across rows. 0 where there were no deaths; NULL on 1-4 deaths (withheld) or no births. Georgia 2024: 6.47 (817 deaths, 126,304 births). The highest county infant mortality rate (all groups), 58.3 (county 13065, 2015: 6 deaths, 103 births), and the highest county rate of any row, 333.3 (county 13135, 2004, native_american: 7 deaths, 21 births), are preserved as published: rates on few births.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 153,968 rows); no live births in the place and group (num_births 0) and no deaths, where OASIS shows 0: a rate per 1,000 births with no births is undefined (our mask, 824,565 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (our residual of deaths only). Male and female rows have OASIS's rate (per 1,000 births of that sex) where published, though their births are NULL. The no-births rows are counted before the race mask, which NULLs some of their births. Never recompute a withheld rate from the counts. NULL on every race group's row (every cause and age) of a place-year whose infant deaths are more than 20% race_unknown or whose live births are more than 20% of unknown race or ethnicity of the mother, with the count our mask NULLs (182 place-years).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_deaths","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Deaths","short_description":"","description":"Infant deaths of residents of the place and group at the row's age at death and cause. OASIS publishes every count, however small. Causes and ages nest, so never sum across them. race_unknown is our subtraction from OASIS's counts. Georgia 2024, all causes and ages: 817.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL on every race group's row (every cause and age) of a place-year whose infant deaths are more than 20% race_unknown (our mask; 109 place-years). The all, male, female and race_unknown rows always carry it.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"numerator"},{"name":"num_births","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Births","short_description":"","description":"Live births of the place and group in the same calendar year (OASIS's births module; the race groups by the mother's race and ethnicity), the rate's denominator. The same on every cause and age row of a place and group, so never sum it across them. 0 where the group had no births, whose rate is then NULL. Georgia 2024: 126,304.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL on male and female rows (OASIS publishes no births by sex) and on race_unknown rows (our residual of deaths only). NULL on every race group's row of a place-year whose live births are more than 20% of unknown race or ethnicity of the mother (our mask; 97 place-years, those the births topic masks).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"denominator"}],"key_metric":"death_rate_per_1k_births","numeric_filter_columns":["death_rate_per_1k_births","num_deaths","num_births"],"usage":"For the infant mortality rate pin age_at_death = 'all', cause = 'all' and demographic = 'all' and read death_rate_per_1k_births; follow it over time or compare places. For neonatal or postneonatal mortality pin that age_at_death. Combine places (or years) by adding the counts: SUM(num_deaths) * 1000 / SUM(num_births) within one cause, age at death and group (never to rebuild a withheld rate); never for male or female rows (no births). For a race group, pool only rows that carry both counts (the race mask NULLs one or both in some county-years, so a race group's sums across counties skip them). Causes and ages nest and births repeat on every cause and age row, so never sum across causes or ages (early_neonatal + late_neonatal + postneonatal deaths do add to all). Compare causes only within one level: the 4 groups with each other, or the causes listed in one group. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"Infant deaths (under 1 year) by year of death and county of residence; rates are per 1,000 live births. OASIS withholds rates on 1-4 deaths (NULL here). Race-group rates divide deaths by the infant's race (death record) by births by the mother's race (birth record); race series break before 2015; race-group deaths or births are NULL where over 20% of the place-year's lack race, rates with either (our mask). Sex rows have no births count. OASIS says 2010's rate is low from under-reporting. Age at death nests: all = neonatal + postneonatal and neonatal = early_neonatal + late_neonatal, so never add neonatal to its parts. Causes nest: each of the 4 groups contains the causes listed in it and all is every infant death, so never add causes together; the listed causes never add up to their group, and the groups leave 11%-19% of Georgia's infant deaths a year in none of them (105 of 817 in 2024: infections, respiratory and circulatory diseases, ill-defined causes other than SIDS and others). num_births is OASIS's births module's count for the place, year and group (all, and the seven race groups by the mother's race and ethnicity), the denominator of every rate (num_deaths x 1,000 / num_births reproduces each published rate), repeated on every cause and age row. A period rate: deaths and births of the same calendar year, so a death in January may be of a baby born the year before. Male and female rates are OASIS's, per 1,000 births of that sex, but OASIS publishes no births by sex (its births module has no sex breakdown), so num_births is NULL there and male or female rates cannot be pooled across places. race_unknown is our calculation, all minus the seven race groups (unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race): deaths only, no births or rate. Deaths carry the infant's race and ethnicity from the death certificate (OASIS's infant deaths equal its mortality module's deaths under age 1 in every race, ethnicity and sex cell, checked every year), while births, the denominator, carry the mother's (OASIS's known data issues: imputing the mother's race in birth data lowered the white infant mortality rate), so a race group's rate can be biased where the two differ, as for multiracial infants; 118 rows (2000-2025) have deaths but no births in the group (all with 1-4 deaths, so no rate). Race groups follow the platform convention from OASIS's race x ethnicity cross: hispanic is Hispanic of any race; white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial are non-Hispanic. The smaller groups' series break in ways that look like recording changes (our reading): native_american deaths were 4-13 a year in 2000-2005 on about 200 births (a rate of 69.9 in 2004), and at most 2 since 2010, the break the mortality module shows; births to multiracial mothers were 237-648 a year in 2000-2006, then 3,538 in 2007 and 6,961 in 2008, while births to white mothers fell from 66,940 to 57,568 (probably the revised birth certificate Georgia introduced in mid-2007, which OASIS links to more births of unknown race; our reading); and 42-64 infant deaths a year in 2000-2006 are race_unknown, against at most 28 since. OASIS also cautions that Hispanic ethnicity in birth data from 2008 may be misreported. Don't read the small groups' changes before 2015 as trends. Counties break harder and for longer: in 84 county-years of 2000-2012 (none since; 17 counties, most often Dade, Catoosa and Walker on the Tennessee border, 12 years each, and Tift and nearby counties from 2007) more than 25% of births have no recorded race or ethnicity of the mother, up to 78%. Those births drop out of every race group's num_births while the infant's death record keeps its ethnicity, so those counties' race-group rates run far high: Tift's black rate in 2008 is 263.2 (5 deaths on 19 births to non-Hispanic black mothers, when 70% of its births had no recorded race or ethnicity), and Catoosa's white rate in 2009 is 31.4 (6 deaths, 191 births), as OASIS publishes them; those county-years' race-group births and rates are NULL here, their deaths served (our mask, below). Compare a county's race-group rates over time from 2013 only (its share of births without race or ethnicity has been at most 17% since). The rate counts two recorded events, each with its own race, so our mask (OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items) measures the unknown share on each, on the place-year's all-causes, all-ages rows: where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of a place-year's infant deaths (the infant's), every race group's deaths for that place and year, every cause and age, are NULL; where the mother's is unknown for more than 20% of its live births (the county-years the births topic masks), every race group's births are; and the rate is NULL where either count is. Each group's count would miss its share of the unknowns, so its rate follows the recording. A place-year with no infant deaths has no deaths' share: its 0 deaths stay. The all, male, female and race_unknown rows are kept. That covers 182 place-years (2000-2018, 57 counties, 4 of them from 2013; never Georgia): 109 on the deaths' share (often a county's few deaths; 85 of them keep their births) and 97 on the births' (73 keep their deaths). OASIS's known data issues say 2010's infant mortality rate (6.3) is low from under-reporting and should be about 6.5: Georgia's infant deaths were 1,060 in 2009, 836 in 2010 and 904 in 2011. Rates on few births swing widely: the highest county infant mortality rate (all groups) is 58.3 (county 13065, 2015: 6 deaths, 103 births), and the highest county rate of any row is 333.3 (county 13135, 2004, native_american: 7 deaths, 21 births). 86% of rows with at least one death have no rate (1-4 deaths in small counties, groups and causes, or a race group's births our mask NULLs). OASIS publishes every count, however small, and withholds rates on 1-4 deaths (NULL here); the platform adds no small-cell suppression of its own (its race mask is a quality mask) and never recomputes a withheld rate. A place and group with no live births (num_births 0) has no rate (NULL): OASIS shows 0 there, but a rate per 1,000 births with no births is undefined and would rank as the lowest (our mask; deaths stay as published). Deaths are placed by county of residence (not where the death occurred). Counties add up to Georgia, in deaths and births, and the race groups (with race_unknown) and the sexes to all in deaths, except a race group's in the place-years our race mask NULLs it: there a race group's counties fall short of Georgia's row. Not served: OASIS's SES-vulnerability rows (in this module its SES rates divide by the SES group's own births, but the platform's demographics have no SES category yet), and the percent measures; this module has no payer list. 2025 is the newest year. tract_geoid is always NULL.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"schema_hash":"df64e86b0267b6c14d2e0319f9bc7197741af613c01b81b551d4c9fb6cc13803","tags":["health","georgia department of public health, office of health indicators for planning","infant_deaths"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, demographic, cause, age_at_death (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2025), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM infant_deaths WHERE year = 2025 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by cause = all","query":"SELECT * FROM infant_deaths WHERE cause = 'all' AND year = 2025 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"]},{"param":"cause","kind":"categorical","column":"cause","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","perinatal_conditions","prematurity_and_low_birth_weight","lack_of_oxygen_to_the_fetus","respiratory_distress_syndrome","perinatal_infections","birth_defects","nervous_system_malformations","sids","external_causes","motor_vehicle_crashes","falls","accidental_shooting","drowning","fire_and_smoke_exposure","unintentional_poisoning","suffocation","other_unintentional_injuries","homicide"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"age_at_death","kind":"categorical","column":"age_at_death","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","neonatal","early_neonatal","late_neonatal","postneonatal"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"cause","reason":"Causes nest: each of the 4 groups contains the causes listed in it and all contains every infant death, so deaths summed across causes count the same deaths more than once; num_births is the place and group's births, repeated on every cause row."},{"column":"age_at_death","reason":"Ages nest: all = neonatal + postneonatal and neonatal = early_neonatal + late_neonatal, so deaths summed across ages with neonatal count the same deaths twice (early_neonatal + late_neonatal + postneonatal do add to all); num_births is the same live births on every age row."}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":{"count":5,"reason":"OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 deaths (shown as * on OASIS), so no figure combined from fewer than 5 deaths is given."},"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/infant_deaths/values"}