{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"cdc_places","topic":"prevention_services","key":"health/cdc_places/prevention_services","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2022,"year_max":2023,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","tracts"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/prevention_services/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","measure"],"title":"Preventive Care and Health Insurance Among Adults","summary":"Estimated share of adults with checkups, screenings, dental visits or blood pressure medication, or without health insurance, by county and tract.","description":"Model-based estimates of how many adults use preventive health care, and how many lack health insurance, in every Georgia county and census tract, from CDC PLACES (2025 release): the crude share with its 95% confidence interval for seven measures (lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64; taking blood pressure medication among adults with high blood pressure; a routine checkup in the past year; cholesterol screening in the past 5 years; colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45-75; a dental visit in the past year; a mammogram in the past 2 years among women aged 50-74), plus the age-adjusted share for counties. Modeled from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, 2023 for four measures and 2022 for three.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["uninsured adults","no health insurance","annual checkup","doctor checkup","mammograms","colon cancer screening","cholesterol screening","dental visits","blood pressure medication","preventive care"],"es":["adultos sin seguro","sin seguro médico","asegurados y sin seguro","chequeo anual","chequeo médico","mamografías","detección cáncer de colon","examen de colesterol","visitas al dentista","cuidado preventivo de salud"]},"source":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, in partnership with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (PLACES' funder) and the CDC Foundation: PLACES: Local Data for Better Health, 2025 release, census tract (cwsq-ngmh) and county (swc5-untb) data on data.cdc.gov; model-based estimates from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS 2023 and 2022), Census Bureau population data and American Community Survey estimates; Georgia rows as retrieved 2026-10-24","source_url":"https://www.cdc.gov/places/","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/prevention_services","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"BRFSS survey year the estimate is modeled from, as CDC serves it (2022 for colorectal_cancer_screening, dental_visit and mammography; 2023 for every other measure). Every row is from CDC's 2025 PLACES release and each measure has one year (see year_meaning).","valid_values":null,"example":2023,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (FK to the counties dimension), set on county rows. NULL on tract rows: the tracts dimension gives each tract's county.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row (the row's geography is tract_geoid).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"11-digit 2020 census tract GEOID (FK to the tracts dimension), set on tract rows. NULL on county rows. The 12 special-use and water tracts of the dimension have no estimates.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121000100","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"County row (the row's geography is county_fips).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"measure","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Measure","short_description":"CDC PLACES prevention measure; pick one (measures never add).","description":"PLACES measure in CDC's Prevention category (CDC's measureid and full measure name, which names the adults the share is of, in parentheses): lack_of_health_insurance (ACCESS2: Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years; BRFSS 2023); taking_blood_pressure_medication (BPMED: Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure; BRFSS 2023); annual_checkup (CHECKUP: Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults; BRFSS 2023); cholesterol_screening (CHOLSCREEN: Cholesterol screening among adults; BRFSS 2023); colorectal_cancer_screening (COLON_SCREEN: Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years; BRFSS 2022); dental_visit (DENTAL: Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults; BRFSS 2022); mammography (MAMMOUSE: Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years; BRFSS 2022). Every measure rests on BRFSS respondents' own answers; CDC's measure definitions: https://www.cdc.gov/places/measure-definitions/index.html. No total value: pick one measure; measures never add (one adult can count in several, and they cover different adults). Definitions: lack_of_health_insurance: adults aged 18-64 with no current health insurance coverage, of all adults aged 18-64 (the measure leaves out adults 65 and older, nearly all of whom have Medicare). The one measure where higher is worse; CDC notes it may underestimate the lack of insurance. taking_blood_pressure_medication: adults who have been told they have high blood pressure and currently take medicine for it, of adults told they have high blood pressure (not of all adults); it counts only people who recall the diagnosis. annual_checkup: adults with a routine checkup by a doctor in the past year (not an exam for a specific injury, illness or condition), of all adults. cholesterol_screening: adults who had their cholesterol checked in the past 5 years, of all adults; CDC notes the validity of this self-report can be low. colorectal_cancer_screening: adults aged 45-75 with a recommended colorectal cancer screening test within its interval (for example a colonoscopy in the past 10 years or a stool test in the past year), of adults aged 45-75. The range follows the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's 2021 change (screening from 45, previously 50), so it does not compare with estimates for ages 50-75 from before the change. dental_visit: adults who visited a dentist or dental clinic in the past year, for any reason, of all adults. mammography: women aged 50-74 with a mammogram in the past 2 years, of women aged 50-74 (the Task Force's 2024 recommendation starts screening at 40; this measure still covers 50-74).","valid_values":["lack_of_health_insurance","taking_blood_pressure_medication","annual_checkup","cholesterol_screening","colorectal_cancer_screening","dental_visit","mammography"],"example":"lack_of_health_insurance","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of Adults (Crude Prevalence)","short_description":"Estimated share of the measure's adults in the county or tract (CDC model-based crude prevalence).","description":"Crude prevalence: CDC PLACES' model-based estimate of the share of adults in the county or tract with the measure, among the adults the measure covers (lack_of_health_insurance: adults aged 18-64; taking_blood_pressure_medication: adults with high blood pressure; colorectal_cancer_screening: adults aged 45-75; mammography: women aged 50-74; every other measure: adults 18 and older), as a proportion (CDC's percent divided by 100; 0.313 = 31.3%). It estimates how widely the area's adults actually use the care (for lack_of_health_insurance, how common lacking coverage actually is) and is the only statistic CDC publishes for tracts, so it is on every row; tract and county figures come from separate models, so compare a tract with its county only with both intervals in view. An estimate, not a survey count: modeled from BRFSS answers with multilevel regression and post-stratification; read it with its 95% confidence interval. Never add across measures or average across places. Direction differs: for lack_of_health_insurance higher is worse; for the six service measures higher means more of the measure's adults got the service.","valid_values":null,"example":0.313,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_ci_lower","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Crude Prevalence 95% CI Lower Bound","short_description":"","description":"Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults, as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.278,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_ci_upper","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Crude Prevalence 95% CI Upper Bound","short_description":"","description":"Upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults, as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.348,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_age_adjusted","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of Adults (Age-Adjusted Prevalence)","short_description":"","description":"Age-adjusted prevalence, county rows only: CDC's model-based estimate of the share the county would have with a standard U.S. adult age distribution, as a proportion. Use it to compare counties whose populations differ in age (a county with more older adults shows a higher crude share for checkups, screenings and blood pressure medication, which older adults use more, and a lower one for lack_of_health_insurance); use pct_adults for the actual share. NULL on tract rows: CDC publishes it for counties only.","valid_values":null,"example":0.265,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row: CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only (use pct_adults on tract rows).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_lower","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age-Adjusted Prevalence 95% CI Lower Bound","short_description":"","description":"Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults_age_adjusted (county rows only), as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.234,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row: CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only (use pct_adults on tract rows).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_upper","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age-Adjusted Prevalence 95% CI Upper Bound","short_description":"","description":"Upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults_age_adjusted (county rows only), as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.297,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row: CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only (use pct_adults on tract rows).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"pct_adults","numeric_filter_columns":["pct_adults","pct_adults_ci_lower","pct_adults_ci_upper","pct_adults_age_adjusted","pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_lower","pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_upper"],"usage":"Star-schema fact table at county and census-tract grain (each row carries exactly one of county_fips and tract_geoid; no state row). Join the counties dimension on county_fips and the tracts dimension on tract_geoid (it carries each tract's county_fips, name and 2020 population). Pick one measure: measures have no total and never add. Filter by measure, not by year (year=2023 leaves out the measures with an earlier BRFSS year; see year_meaning). pct_adults (crude prevalence) is the estimated share of the measure's adults in the area: how widely the care is actually used (for lack_of_health_insurance, how common lacking coverage actually is), and the only statistic CDC publishes for tracts. Tract and county figures come from separate models, so compare a tract with its county only with both intervals in view. To compare counties whose populations differ in age, use pct_adults_age_adjusted (counties only). Read every figure with its 95% confidence interval: these are model-based estimates, and two places whose intervals overlap may not differ. Never average tract figures into a county or county figures into Georgia. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet. Direction differs: for lack_of_health_insurance higher is worse; for the six service measures higher means more of the measure's adults got the service.","limitations":"Model-based estimates, not survey counts: CDC PLACES (2025 release) estimates each county's and census tract's share of adults for each measure from BRFSS 2023 and 2022 survey answers with multilevel regression and post-stratification on Census population data and American Community Survey estimates, so a figure is not a survey result for that tract or county. CDC cautions against using them to evaluate programs or policies (the model cannot detect the effects of local interventions). Releases are not comparable year to year: each is a new model, so a future release is not a trend point against this one. County rows: all 159 counties, each of the 7 measures, with crude and age-adjusted prevalence. Tract rows: 2,784 of Georgia's 2,796 2020 census tracts, crude prevalence only (CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only, so those columns are NULL on tract rows); the 12 special-use and water tracts (13029980000, 13039990000, 13051980000, 13051990000, 13063980000, 13089980000, 13121980000, 13127990000, 13179990000, 13183980000, 13191980000, 13191990000) have no estimates and no rows. No state row: the source publishes none, and modeled shares are never added or averaged into one here; never average tract figures into a county (use the county row) or county figures into Georgia. Measures never add up: each is a different estimate, one adult can count in several, and each covers its own adults (lack_of_health_insurance: adults aged 18-64; taking_blood_pressure_medication: adults with high blood pressure; colorectal_cancer_screening: adults aged 45-75; mammography: women aged 50-74; every other measure: adults 18 and older), so denominators differ by measure. Estimates and their 95% confidence intervals are CDC's, rounded to 0.1 percentage point (0.001 here). CDC models counties and tracts separately (counties on Census 2023 county population estimates, tracts on the 2020 Census), so a county's estimate can fall outside the range of its own tracts' estimates (103 of 1,113 county figures here): compare a tract with its county only with both intervals in view. CDC publishes no counts of adults: a share times a population is only an approximation (the tracts dimension's population_2020 counts all ages). Prevention measures rest on self-reports in a telephone survey, which can run higher than medical records for screenings and checkups (CDC notes cholesterol screening's validity can be low). Each measure also has its own time window (see measure); colorectal_cancer_screening uses the 2021 screening ages, 45-75, so it is not comparable with older estimates for ages 50-75. lack_of_health_insurance is PLACES' modeled estimate from BRFSS answers; Census Bureau uninsured figures (the American Community Survey and SAHIE) come from different surveys and models and will not match it.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2022,2023],"schema_hash":"68d33ef8f31870670bba9480844b526360be19a0fc92a88bf02d01eddc3af537","tags":["health","centers for disease control and prevention","prevention_services"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, measure (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Every county's estimate for one measure (lack_of_health_insurance), highest first; no year filter (each measure has one BRFSS year, see year_meaning)","query":"SELECT * FROM prevention_services WHERE measure = 'lack_of_health_insurance' AND county_fips IS NOT NULL ORDER BY pct_adults DESC"},{"description":"Every measure for one county (Fulton, 13121), no year filter","query":"SELECT * FROM prevention_services WHERE county_fips = '13121' ORDER BY measure"},{"description":"Tract estimates for one measure (lack_of_health_insurance) in one county (Fulton: tract GEOIDs start with its county FIPS, 13121)","query":"SELECT * FROM prevention_services WHERE measure = 'lack_of_health_insurance' AND tract_geoid LIKE '13121%' ORDER BY tract_geoid"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","tracts"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"measure","kind":"categorical","column":"measure","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["lack_of_health_insurance","taking_blood_pressure_medication","annual_checkup","cholesterol_screening","colorectal_cancer_screening","dental_visit","mammography"],"has_total":false,"total_value":null,"requires_single_value":true,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"measure","reason":"Each measure is a different estimate, and one adult can count in several (an adult can have both a checkup and a dental visit), so shares summed across measures count people more than once and are not the share with any of them; the measures also cover different adults (lack_of_health_insurance: adults aged 18-64; taking_blood_pressure_medication: adults with high blood pressure; colorectal_cancer_screening: adults aged 45-75; mammography: women aged 50-74; every other measure: adults 18 and older). There is no total: pick one measure."}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":"year is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey year each estimate is modeled from, as CDC serves it in its 2025 PLACES release (the only release here): 2023 for 4 measures and 2022 for colorectal_cancer_screening, dental_visit and mammography (questions BRFSS asks every other year). Every row comes from that one release and each measure has exactly one year, so the years are not a trend. To compare measures, filter by measure, not by year: year=2023 leaves out colorectal_cancer_screening, dental_visit and mammography.","pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":null,"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/prevention_services/values"}