{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"cdc_places","topic":"risk_behaviors","key":"health/cdc_places/risk_behaviors","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2022,"year_max":2023,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","tracts"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/risk_behaviors/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","measure"],"title":"Health Risk Behaviors Among Adults","summary":"Estimated share of adults who binge drink, smoke cigarettes, get no leisure-time physical activity or sleep less than 7 hours, by county and tract.","description":"Model-based estimates of how many adults binge drink, smoke cigarettes, get no leisure-time physical activity or sleep less than 7 hours, in every Georgia county and census tract, from CDC PLACES (2025 release): the crude share of adults with its 95% confidence interval for four measures (binge drinking in the past 30 days; current cigarette smoking; no physical activity or exercise outside work in the past month; usually less than 7 hours of sleep), plus the age-adjusted share for counties. Modeled from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, 2023 for three measures and 2022 for short sleep.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["smoking","tobacco use","binge drinking","drinking too much","physical inactivity","lack of exercise","not enough sleep","sleep deprivation","unhealthy habits","health risks"],"es":["fumar","tabaquismo","consumo excesivo de alcohol","beber en exceso","inactividad física","falta de ejercicio","dormir poco","privación de sueño","hábitos poco saludables","riesgos de salud"]},"source":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, in partnership with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (PLACES' funder) and the CDC Foundation: PLACES: Local Data for Better Health, 2025 release, census tract (cwsq-ngmh) and county (swc5-untb) data on data.cdc.gov; model-based estimates from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS 2023 and 2022), Census Bureau population data and American Community Survey estimates; Georgia rows as retrieved 2026-10-24","source_url":"https://www.cdc.gov/places/","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/risk_behaviors","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"BRFSS survey year the estimate is modeled from, as CDC serves it (2022 for short_sleep_duration; 2023 for every other measure). Every row is from CDC's 2025 PLACES release and each measure has one year (see year_meaning).","valid_values":null,"example":2023,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (FK to the counties dimension), set on county rows. NULL on tract rows: the tracts dimension gives each tract's county.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row (the row's geography is tract_geoid).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"11-digit 2020 census tract GEOID (FK to the tracts dimension), set on tract rows. NULL on county rows. The 12 special-use and water tracts of the dimension have no estimates.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121000100","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"County row (the row's geography is county_fips).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"measure","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Measure","short_description":"CDC PLACES health risk behaviors measure; pick one (measures never add).","description":"PLACES measure in CDC's Health Risk Behaviors category (CDC's measureid and full measure name, which names the adults the share is of, in parentheses): binge_drinking (BINGE: Binge drinking among adults; BRFSS 2023); current_cigarette_smoking (CSMOKING: Current cigarette smoking among adults; BRFSS 2023); no_leisure_time_physical_activity (LPA: No leisure-time physical activity among adults; BRFSS 2023); short_sleep_duration (SLEEP: Short sleep duration among adults; BRFSS 2022). Every measure rests on BRFSS respondents' own answers; CDC's measure definitions: https://www.cdc.gov/places/measure-definitions/index.html. No total value: pick one measure; measures never add: one adult can count in several, even though every measure covers the same adults (all adults 18 and older). Definitions: binge_drinking: adults who report 5 or more drinks (men) or 4 or more drinks (women) on at least one occasion in the past 30 days, of all adults, drinkers or not; it does not convey how often or how much an adult binge drinks. current_cigarette_smoking: adults who report having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and now smoke every day or some days, of all adults; cigarettes only (e-cigarettes and other tobacco are not counted), and it does not convey how many cigarettes an adult smokes. no_leisure_time_physical_activity: adults who answered no to taking part in any physical activity or exercise, such as running, golf, gardening or walking for exercise, outside their regular job in the past month, of all adults; activity at work does not count. short_sleep_duration: adults who report usually sleeping less than 7 hours in a 24-hour period, of all adults; it does not convey sleep quality or how sleep varies, for example between weekdays and weekends.","valid_values":["binge_drinking","current_cigarette_smoking","no_leisure_time_physical_activity","short_sleep_duration"],"example":"binge_drinking","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of Adults (Crude Prevalence)","short_description":"Estimated share of the measure's adults in the county or tract (CDC model-based crude prevalence).","description":"Crude prevalence: CDC PLACES' model-based estimate of the share of adults in the county or tract with the measure, among the adults the measure covers (every measure counts adults 18 and older), as a proportion (CDC's percent divided by 100; 0.313 = 31.3%). It estimates how common the behavior actually is among the area's adults and is the only statistic CDC publishes for tracts, so it is on every row; tract and county figures come from separate models, so compare a tract with its county only with both intervals in view. An estimate, not a survey count: modeled from BRFSS answers with multilevel regression and post-stratification; read it with its 95% confidence interval. Never add across measures or average across places. For every measure, a higher share means more of the area's adults report the risk behavior.","valid_values":null,"example":0.313,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_ci_lower","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Crude Prevalence 95% CI Lower Bound","short_description":"","description":"Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults, as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.278,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_ci_upper","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Crude Prevalence 95% CI Upper Bound","short_description":"","description":"Upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults, as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.348,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_age_adjusted","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of Adults (Age-Adjusted Prevalence)","short_description":"","description":"Age-adjusted prevalence, county rows only: CDC's model-based estimate of the share the county would have with a standard U.S. adult age distribution, as a proportion. Use it to compare counties whose populations differ in age (a county with more older adults shows a lower crude share of binge drinking, smoking and short sleep, which are less common among adults 65 and older than among adults under 65, and a higher one of physical inactivity); use pct_adults for the actual share. NULL on tract rows: CDC publishes it for counties only.","valid_values":null,"example":0.265,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row: CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only (use pct_adults on tract rows).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_lower","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age-Adjusted Prevalence 95% CI Lower Bound","short_description":"","description":"Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults_age_adjusted (county rows only), as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.234,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row: CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only (use pct_adults on tract rows).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_upper","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age-Adjusted Prevalence 95% CI Upper Bound","short_description":"","description":"Upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of pct_adults_age_adjusted (county rows only), as CDC publishes it (a proportion, rounded to 0.001): the range CDC's model gives for the estimate. A wide interval is an uncertain estimate; two places whose intervals overlap may not differ.","valid_values":null,"example":0.297,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Tract row: CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only (use pct_adults on tract rows).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"pct_adults","numeric_filter_columns":["pct_adults","pct_adults_ci_lower","pct_adults_ci_upper","pct_adults_age_adjusted","pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_lower","pct_adults_age_adjusted_ci_upper"],"usage":"Star-schema fact table at county and census-tract grain (each row carries exactly one of county_fips and tract_geoid; no state row). Join the counties dimension on county_fips and the tracts dimension on tract_geoid (it carries each tract's county_fips, name and 2020 population). Pick one measure: measures have no total and never add. Filter by measure, not by year (year=2023 leaves out the measure with an earlier BRFSS year; see year_meaning). pct_adults (crude prevalence) is the estimated share of the measure's adults in the area: how common the behavior actually is, and the only statistic CDC publishes for tracts. Tract and county figures come from separate models, so compare a tract with its county only with both intervals in view. To compare counties whose populations differ in age, use pct_adults_age_adjusted (counties only). Read every figure with its 95% confidence interval: these are model-based estimates, and two places whose intervals overlap may not differ. Never average tract figures into a county or county figures into Georgia. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet. For every measure, a higher share means more of the area's adults report the risk behavior.","limitations":"Model-based estimates, not survey counts: CDC PLACES (2025 release) estimates each county's and census tract's share of adults for each measure from BRFSS 2023 and 2022 survey answers with multilevel regression and post-stratification on Census population data and American Community Survey estimates, so a figure is not a survey result for that tract or county. CDC cautions against using them to evaluate programs or policies (the model cannot detect the effects of local interventions). Releases are not comparable year to year: each is a new model, so a future release is not a trend point against this one. County rows: all 159 counties, each of the 4 measures, with crude and age-adjusted prevalence. Tract rows: 2,784 of Georgia's 2,796 2020 census tracts, crude prevalence only (CDC publishes age-adjusted prevalence for counties only, so those columns are NULL on tract rows); the 12 special-use and water tracts (13029980000, 13039990000, 13051980000, 13051990000, 13063980000, 13089980000, 13121980000, 13127990000, 13179990000, 13183980000, 13191980000, 13191990000) have no estimates and no rows. No state row: the source publishes none, and modeled shares are never added or averaged into one here; never average tract figures into a county (use the county row) or county figures into Georgia. Measures never add up: each is a different estimate and one adult can count in several, even though every measure covers the same adults (all adults 18 and older). Estimates and their 95% confidence intervals are CDC's, rounded to 0.1 percentage point (0.001 here). CDC models counties and tracts separately (counties on Census 2023 county population estimates, tracts on the 2020 Census), so a county's estimate can fall outside the range of its own tracts' estimates (31 of 636 county figures here): compare a tract with its county only with both intervals in view. CDC publishes no counts of adults: a share times a population is only an approximation (the tracts dimension's population_2020 counts all ages). Risk behaviors rest on self-reports in a telephone survey, which can understate behaviors such as drinking and smoking. current_cigarette_smoking counts cigarettes only, not e-cigarettes or other tobacco; no_leisure_time_physical_activity counts only activity outside work. short_sleep_duration is from BRFSS 2022 and the other three from BRFSS 2023 (see year_meaning).","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2022,2023],"schema_hash":"39cacbc1bc865d42a472e127378901e655a05a65677de41aa94715e2a2e022e5","tags":["health","centers for disease control and prevention","risk_behaviors"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, measure (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Every county's estimate for one measure (binge_drinking), highest first; no year filter (each measure has one BRFSS year, see year_meaning)","query":"SELECT * FROM risk_behaviors WHERE measure = 'binge_drinking' AND county_fips IS NOT NULL ORDER BY pct_adults DESC"},{"description":"Every measure for one county (Fulton, 13121), no year filter","query":"SELECT * FROM risk_behaviors WHERE county_fips = '13121' ORDER BY measure"},{"description":"Tract estimates for one measure (binge_drinking) in one county (Fulton: tract GEOIDs start with its county FIPS, 13121)","query":"SELECT * FROM risk_behaviors WHERE measure = 'binge_drinking' AND tract_geoid LIKE '13121%' ORDER BY tract_geoid"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","tracts"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"measure","kind":"categorical","column":"measure","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["binge_drinking","current_cigarette_smoking","no_leisure_time_physical_activity","short_sleep_duration"],"has_total":false,"total_value":null,"requires_single_value":true,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"measure","reason":"Each measure is a different estimate, and one adult can count in several (an adult can both smoke and binge drink), so shares summed across measures count people more than once and are not the share with any of them, even though every measure covers the same adults (all adults 18 and older). There is no total: pick one measure."}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":"year is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey year each estimate is modeled from, as CDC serves it in its 2025 PLACES release (the only release here): 2023 for 3 measures and 2022 for short_sleep_duration (a question BRFSS asks every other year). Every row comes from that one release and each measure has exactly one year, so the years are not a trend. To compare measures, filter by measure, not by year: year=2023 leaves out short_sleep_duration.","pooled_rates":[],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":null,"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/risk_behaviors/values"}