{"main_topic":"health","sub_topic":"oasis","topic":"sexually_transmitted_infections","key":"health/oasis/sexually_transmitted_infections","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2000,"year_max":2023,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","path_template":"health/sexually_transmitted_infections/year={year}/{detail}.parquet","grain":["year","county_fips","tract_geoid","demographic","infection"],"title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","summary":"New chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and other STI cases and rates by county, race and ethnicity, and sex, Georgia, 2000-2023 (DPH OASIS).","description":"New cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among Georgia residents, from laboratory reports to DPH's notifiable disease surveillance system (SendSS), by county of residence: chlamydia, gonorrhea, the syphilis stages (primary, secondary, early non-primary non-secondary, late latent, and until their retirement unknown latency and neurosyphilis), chancroid and lymphogranuloma venereum, plus their total (all STIs except congenital syphilis, which is its own topic, congenital_syphilis). Georgia and each of its 159 counties, 2000-2023, overall, by race and ethnicity and by sex: the age-adjusted case rate per 100,000 residents (key metric), the crude case rate per 100,000, the number of cases and the population, as Georgia DPH's OASIS publishes them. A person can count more than once.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["STDs","sexually transmitted diseases","chlamydia","gonorrhea","syphilis","venereal disease","sexual health","infectious disease","STI cases","STD by race"],"es":["ETS","enfermedades de transmisión sexual","clamidia","gonorrea","sífilis","ITS","enfermedad venérea","salud sexual","enfermedades infecciosas","ITS por raza"]},"source":"Georgia Department of Public Health, Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP), OASIS Data Table Tool, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), from case reports to DPH; population: OASIS population module (Census Bureau estimates as OASIS publishes them)","source_url":"https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/std","endpoint":"/api/v1/health/sexually_transmitted_infections","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"Calendar year OASIS assigns the case, 2000-2023 (OASIS does not say whether it is the year of diagnosis or of report).","valid_values":null,"example":2023,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit FIPS of the case's county of residence (FK to the counties dimension); NULL on Georgia's statewide row, which also counts cases placed in no county.","valid_values":null,"example":"13121","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: state and county rows only.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"demographic","type":"string","role":"fk_demographic","nullable":false,"label":"Demographic","short_description":"","description":"The group: all; race groups hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial, plus race_unknown (our calculation: all minus those seven; NULL wherever OASIS hides a count it subtracts); gender male and female (cases of unknown sex are in all only). The race groups add up to all where every count is published; their counts and rates are NULL where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the place-year's cases (our mask). pacific_islander has no rows in 2000-2007, multiracial none in 2000-2007 and 2009 (not recorded on case reports).","valid_values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"],"example":"all","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"infection","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Infection","short_description":"Sexually transmitted infection","description":"The infection, as OASIS lists it: chancroid (chancroid (OASIS shows no case in any year)), chlamydia, gonorrhea, lymphogranuloma_venereum (lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)), primary_syphilis (primary syphilis), secondary_syphilis (secondary syphilis), early_non_primary_non_secondary_syphilis (early non-primary non-secondary syphilis (early latent)), late_latent_syphilis (late latent syphilis, which includes unknown-latency syphilis from 2014), unknown_latency_syphilis (unknown-latency syphilis, until 2013), neurosyphilis (neurosyphilis, until 2005). Plus all (every STI case except congenital syphilis: OASIS's 'All STD Except Congenital Syphilis'). The infections never overlap; they add up to all from 2015 and fall up to 17 cases short of it a year before. unknown_latency_syphilis has no rows from 2014 and neurosyphilis none from 2006 (categories OASIS stopped using). ICD codes: https://oasis.state.ga.us/dtt/content/DefSTD.html.","valid_values":["all","chancroid","chlamydia","gonorrhea","lymphogranuloma_venereum","primary_syphilis","secondary_syphilis","early_non_primary_non_secondary_syphilis","late_latent_syphilis","unknown_latency_syphilis","neurosyphilis"],"example":"chlamydia","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"age_adjusted_sti_case_rate_per_100k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Age Adjusted Sti Case Rate per 100k","short_description":"STI cases per 100,000 residents, adjusted for age","description":"OASIS's age-adjusted case rate per 100,000 residents of the place and group (weighted by the year 2000 U.S. standard million): the fair comparison across places, groups and years with different age mixes. Never add or average it across rows. 0 where the group had no cases. Georgia 2023, all STIs: 1,004.6. The highest, 5,431.4 (all, female, county 13247, 2000: 1,875 cases), is preserved as published: Rockdale's 2000 spike (see limitations).","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: the population OASIS divides by is zero in one of the place and group's age groups, so a crude rate can exist where this one does not (code -2, 1,449 rows); OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 34,448 rows); the population is under 100 (code -6, 66,779 rows); no residents in the group (population 0) and no cases, where OASIS shows 0: a rate on no population is undefined (our mask, 3,386 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). Never recompute a withheld rate from the counts. Also NULL: the seven race groups' rates where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the place-year's cases (our mask, 117,150 rows; see limitations).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"sti_case_rate_per_100k","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Sti Case Rate per 100k","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's crude case rate: cases per 100,000 residents of the place and group (num_sti_cases / num_population x 100,000), the rate CDC publishes nationally. Combine several places or groups as SUM(num_sti_cases) * 100000 / SUM(num_population) over rows with a published count, never for a single row (a withheld rate stays withheld). 0 where the group had no cases. Georgia 2023, all STIs: 992.2.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"rate_per_population","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No rate: the population OASIS divides by is zero (code -2, 6 rows); OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 events (shown as * on OASIS) (code -5, 35,815 rows); the population is under 100 (code -6, 705 rows); no residents in the group (population 0) and no cases, where OASIS shows 0: a rate on no population is undefined (our mask, 3,386 rows) (row counts are totals over all years). race_unknown rows never have one (there is no population for unknown race or ethnicity). Also NULL: the seven race groups' rates where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the place-year's cases (our mask, 167,470 rows; see limitations).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_sti_cases","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Sti Cases","short_description":"","description":"New cases (incidence) of the infection among residents of the place and group; a person diagnosed twice, or with two infections, counts each time. OASIS never publishes a county count of 1-4. NULL is OASIS's suppression (never a hidden 0), race_unknown's rule, or on a race group our race mask, which can hide a 0 (see null_meaning). race_unknown is our subtraction from OASIS's counts. Georgia 2023, all STIs: 109,777.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"No count: the group has fewer than 100 residents in the place and at least one case: OASIS hides the number and its rates at every level, the state included (code -6, 711 rows); a county had 1-4 cases: OASIS hides county counts under 5 (Georgia's own small counts are shown) (code -7, 35,615 rows); race_unknown wherever OASIS hides a count it subtracts (all, hispanic or a non-Hispanic race; our rule, so it never reveals a hidden count; 15,226 rows); the seven race groups' counts where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of the place-year's cases (where a count is hidden, surely so on OASIS's whole race x ethnicity table; it can hide a published 0; see limitations) (our mask, 169,703 rows) (row counts are totals over all years).","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_population","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Population","short_description":"","description":"OASIS's population of the place and group (all ages; OASIS's population module), the crude rate's denominator. The same on every infection row of a place and group, so never sum it across infections. 0 for a group with no residents in the place, whose rates are then NULL.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"NULL only on race_unknown rows: OASIS has no population for unknown race or ethnicity.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"age_adjusted_sti_case_rate_per_100k","numeric_filter_columns":["age_adjusted_sti_case_rate_per_100k","sti_case_rate_per_100k","num_sti_cases","num_population"],"usage":"Compare counties, race groups or sexes, or follow a place over time, with age_adjusted_sti_case_rate_per_100k: it removes differences in age mix, and never adds or averages across rows. To combine several places or groups, add the counts over rows whose count is published: SUM(num_sti_cases) * 100000 / SUM(num_population) is their crude case rate (pooled_rates). Never compute it for a single row: where OASIS withholds a rate (1-4 cases), that would rebuild what OASIS withholds. A NULL count is OASIS's suppression (1-4 cases in a county, or a group under 100 residents), race_unknown's rule, or, on a race group, our race mask, which can hide a 0: a sum over places with NULL counts is a lower bound. num_population repeats on every infection row: never sum it across infections. Pin demographic = 'all' and infection = 'all' for totals; the infections never overlap, so they can be added (cases, not people). Compare with CDC's national STI rates through the crude rate. Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"New STI cases by county of residence, 2000-2023 (a person can count more than once; congenital syphilis is its own topic). OASIS hides county counts of 1-4 and groups under 100 residents (NULL). Where race or ethnicity is unknown for over 20% of a place-year's cases, race-group counts and rates are NULL (our mask): Georgia's race series starts in 2021. Georgia's row has cases placed in no county until 2014. Reporting breaks: 2016 (Grady Memorial), 2019 (race recording), 2020 (COVID-19). Age-adjusted rates are OASIS's: weighted averages of age-specific rates with the year 2000 U.S. standard million as weights, so places and groups with different age mixes compare fairly; they never add or average across rows. CDC's national STI rates are crude rates: compare them with sti_case_rate_per_100k. Counts are new cases (incidence) reported to DPH, by county of residence: a person diagnosed twice, or with two infections, counts each time (OASIS's definitions). OASIS hides a county's count of 1-4 cases (code -7) and, at every level, the count of a group with fewer than 100 residents in the place that has a case (-6), with their rates (NULL here); it shows Georgia's own small counts and withholds every rate on 1-4 cases. The platform adds no disclosure suppression of its own and computes nothing OASIS's own table does not already give; its one quality mask, on race groups (below), can NULL a published count, 0 included. A group with no residents in a place (num_population 0) has no rate (NULL): OASIS shows 0 there, but a rate on no population is undefined and would rank as the lowest (our mask; the count stays 0). 71 of the 41,728 rows with a published case outside race_unknown (44,949 with it; race_unknown has no rate) have no age-adjusted rate: 44 are Georgia rows with 1-4 cases, the rest groups with an age group of no residents. Where race or ethnicity is unknown for more than 20% of a place-year's cases (race_unknown / all), the race groups' counts and rates for that place and year are NULL (our mask, OASIS's own 20% threshold for missing items): each group's count would miss its share of the unknowns, so its rate runs low and its trend follows the recording, not the group. The all, sex and race_unknown rows are kept, so the unknown share stays visible. The share is measured on all STIs (infection = 'all') and the mask covers every infection of that place and year. Georgia's share was 41-53% in 2000-2018, 22% in 2019-2020 and 16-18% in 2021-2023. Where a county's race_unknown is NULL (below), the share is bounded on OASIS's whole race x ethnicity table of the county (a hidden count is 1-4, or at least 1 for a group under 100 residents) and, where that leaves it open, on all of OASIS's tables of the year together (each infection's table, all STIs never below the infections' sum and equal to it from 2015, and OASIS's county total equal to the counties' sum); the mask applies where the share is surely over 20%, including 7 county-years whose total OASIS hides and 27 settled only by the joint tables; 59 county-years whose range still straddles 20% are left unmasked. Race groups follow the platform convention from OASIS's race x ethnicity cross: hispanic is Hispanic of any race; white, black, asian, native_american (American Indian or Alaska Native), pacific_islander (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) and multiracial are non-Hispanic. race_unknown is our calculation, the total minus those seven (unknown ethnicity, or non-Hispanic of unknown race), so the race groups add up to all wherever every count is published; it has no population and so no rate, and it is NULL wherever OASIS hides a count it subtracts (all, hispanic or a non-Hispanic race). Where OASIS hides only its own unknown race or ethnicity cells, race_unknown is still given (its own table gives the same figure), so in a county it can be 1-4. race_unknown is 16% (2022) to 53% (2001) of Georgia's cases a year; it fell from 41,212 in 2018 to 21,266 in 2019 while OASIS's black cases rose 48% and all cases 6%, a recording change (our reading). race_unknown is NULL on 15,226 rows, where OASIS hides a count it subtracts, and published on 22,298 county rows, 411 of them 1-4. Georgia's smallest race groups fall across 2021-2023, the only years its race rows are served (multiracial 366, 108 and 66, native_american 148, 103 and 63, pacific_islander 67, 61 and 34 cases), while all STIs hold steady (106,467, 111,394 and 109,777): probably a recording change (our reading), so don't read them as trends. pacific_islander has no rows in 2000-2007 and multiracial none in 2000-2007 and 2009: OASIS shows no case of any STI for them anywhere those years (multiracial: 3 in 2008, 37 in 2010), though 3,492-4,924 non-Hispanic Georgians were Pacific Islander and 68,636-136,447 multiracial in those years, so the groups were not recorded on case reports (our reading). Cases of unknown sex have no platform group: they count in all only, so male + female can fall short of all. They are at most 1.5% of Georgia's cases a year. Georgia's row includes cases OASIS placed in no county (Georgia minus OASIS's total of its counties, all STIs): 0-40 a year in 2000-2010, 382-472 a year in 2011-2013 and 36 in 2014, none from 2015, so counties don't add up to it. From 2005 OASIS places cases by geocoded address; 2000-2004 use the county the case report states (OASIS's data issues page), so county series can shift between 2004 and 2005. Rockdale County's 2000 count, 2,750 STI cases, is about five times its 2001-2008 counts (309-532) while Georgia's total barely moves, and OASIS does not explain it: read Rockdale 2000 with caution (its female rate is the highest age_adjusted_sti_case_rate_per_100k here). Grady Memorial Hospital began reporting chlamydia and gonorrhea in 2016 (OASIS), so part of that year's rise is reporting, not infection. Gonorrhea went from 15,705 in 2015 to 20,151 in 2016, chlamydia from 56,215 to 61,315. Chlamydia fell from 67,953 in 2019 to 61,990 in 2020 and returned to 67,872 in 2021, probably less testing during COVID-19 (our reading). Since 2014 OASIS counts unknown-latency syphilis inside late latency (late_latent_syphilis 700 in 2013, 1,130 in 2014), and neurosyphilis shows 0 everywhere from 2006 (27 cases in 2004, 4 in 2005; undocumented): unknown_latency_syphilis has no rows from 2014 and neurosyphilis none from 2006 (categories no longer used), and late_latent_syphilis is no trend across 2013-2014. The infections never overlap and add up to all from 2015; before, all exceeds them by up to 17 cases (2005, Georgia), cases in no listed category. Chancroid has no case in any year. Not served: age (cut platform-wide), unknown sex, and congenital syphilis (its rate divides by live births). 2023 is the newest year OASIS's STD module offers. tract_geoid is always NULL.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":true,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"schema_hash":"015285f5689b4df822de0c440e3959600370ffb4c6a826e58de31fae5f17d425","tags":["health","georgia department of public health, office of health indicators for planning","sexually_transmitted_infections"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, tract_geoid, demographic, infection (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2023), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM sexually_transmitted_infections WHERE year = 2023 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by infection = chlamydia","query":"SELECT * FROM sexually_transmitted_infections WHERE infection = 'chlamydia' AND year = 2023 LIMIT 100"}],"foreign_keys":[{"column":"county_fips","target_object":"counties","target_columns":["county_fips"],"attribute_columns_added":["county_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"tract_geoid","target_object":"tracts","target_columns":["tract_geoid"],"attribute_columns_added":["tract_name"],"scope":"global"},{"column":"demographic","target_object":"demographics","target_columns":["demographic"],"attribute_columns_added":["demographic_label","demographic_category"],"scope":"global"}],"filters":[{"param":"year","kind":"year_exact","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_min","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"year_max","kind":"year_range","type":"integer","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"detail","kind":"detail","type":"string","multi_value":false,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["counties","states"],"default":"counties"},{"param":"county_fips","kind":"foreign_key","column":"county_fips","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"tract_geoid","kind":"foreign_key","column":"tract_geoid","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":false,"values":null},{"param":"demographic","kind":"foreign_key","column":"demographic","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","asian","black","female","hispanic","male","multiracial","native_american","pacific_islander","race_unknown","white"]},{"param":"infection","kind":"categorical","column":"infection","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["all","chancroid","chlamydia","gonorrhea","lymphogranuloma_venereum","primary_syphilis","secondary_syphilis","early_non_primary_non_secondary_syphilis","late_latent_syphilis","unknown_latency_syphilis","neurosyphilis"],"has_total":true,"total_value":"all","requires_single_value":false,"nullable":false,"null_filter_token":null},{"param":"demographic_category","kind":"dimension_attribute","dimension":"demographics","column":"demographic_category","type":"string","multi_value":true,"enum_enforced":true,"values":["aggregate","disability","economic_status","esol","foster_care","gender","grade","homeless_status","migrant_status","military","race","sped"]}],"filter_hints":[],"non_additive":[{"column":"infection","reason":"num_population is the place and group's whole population, repeated on every infection row as the denominator of that row's rate, so a sum across infections counts the same residents again.","metrics":["num_population"]}],"partitions":[],"value_implications":[],"year_meaning":null,"pooled_rates":[{"column":"sti_case_rate_per_100k","numerator":"num_sti_cases","denominator":"num_population","scale":100000}],"series_breaks":[],"year_window":null,"pooled_min_count":{"count":5,"reason":"OASIS withholds rates based on 1-4 cases (shown as * on OASIS), so no figure combined from fewer than 5 cases is given."},"values_endpoint":"/api/v1/health/sexually_transmitted_infections/values"}