{"name":"occupation_by_nativity","kind":"table","main_topic":"census","sub_topic":"acs","topic":"occupation_by_nativity","key":"census/acs/occupation_by_nativity","version":"1.0.0","year_min":2020,"year_max":2024,"year_gaps":[],"update_frequency":"annual","detail_levels":["counties","states"],"default_detail":"counties","grain":["year","county_fips","district_code","tract_geoid","citizenship_status","occupation"],"title":"Occupation by Nativity (ACS)","summary":"What kinds of jobs Georgia's native-born, foreign-born, naturalized and noncitizen workers hold - the share of the civilian employed in each of five major occupation groups, for the state and its larger counties.","description":"Occupation of the civilian employed population 16 years and over by nativity and citizenship status, from the American Community Survey 5-year subject table S0501 (Selected Characteristics of the Native and Foreign-Born Populations - the civilian employed universe row and the five OCCUPATION rows only), for Georgia and the counties the Census publishes the table for (20-24 of 159 per vintage), vintages 2020-2024: the civilian employed count and the share working in each of the five major occupation groups (management/business/science/arts; service; sales and office; natural resources/construction/maintenance; production/transportation/material moving), for the total, native, foreign-born, naturalized-citizen and noncitizen populations, each with its 90 percent margin of error.","explorer":true,"search_aliases":{"en":["occupations","types of jobs","kinds of jobs","immigrant jobs","jobs","service jobs","construction jobs","management jobs","immigrants"],"es":["ocupaciones","tipos de trabajo","tipos de empleo","oficios","trabajos de inmigrantes","empleo","trabajo","inmigrantes","inmigrante"]},"source":"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, subject table S0501","source_url":"https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2024.S0501?g=040XX00US13","columns":[{"name":"year","type":"integer","role":"year","nullable":false,"label":"Year","short_description":"","description":"ACS 5-year vintage END year: 2024 covers the pooled 2020-2024 survey period. Consecutive vintages overlap.","valid_values":null,"example":2024,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"county_fips","type":"string","role":"fk_county","nullable":true,"label":"County FIPS","short_description":"","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (state 13 + county). Populated only on county-level rows; NULL on state rows. Only the 20-24 counties the Census publishes this table for appear in a vintage (see limitations).","valid_values":null,"example":"13135","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"district_code","type":"string","role":"fk_district","nullable":true,"label":"District Code","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: the Census does not publish this subject table for most school districts and the district level was not collected. Kept for the census domain's standard key shape.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"tract_geoid","type":"string","role":"fk_tract","nullable":true,"label":"Tract GEOID","short_description":"","description":"Always NULL: the Census publishes no census-tract estimates for this subject table. Kept for the census domain's standard key shape.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"citizenship_status","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Citizenship Status","short_description":"Native vs foreign born, and the foreign born by citizenship; a hierarchy, never summed.","description":"Nativity and citizenship status. Hierarchical, not a partition: all = native + foreign_born, and foreign_born = naturalized + noncitizen, so the five values must never be summed. 'all' is the total row. The ACS asks citizenship, not legal status: noncitizen covers lawful permanent residents, temporary visa holders, and unauthorized migrants alike. In this topic the universe is the civilian employed population 16 years and over (S0501 columns C01-C05).","valid_values":["all","native","foreign_born","naturalized","noncitizen"],"example":"foreign_born","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"occupation","type":"string","role":"categorical","nullable":false,"label":"Occupation","short_description":"Major occupation group of the job held, or 'all' for the whole employed population.","description":"Major occupation group (the standard five-group ACS scheme, unchanged across 2020-2024) of the job the person held in the reference week; the five groups partition the civilian employed population, and 'all' is the universe row. all: The whole civilian employed population 16+ (the universe row). management_business_science_arts: Management, business, science, and arts occupations. service: Service occupations. sales_office: Sales and office occupations. natural_resources_construction_maintenance: Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. production_transportation_material_moving: Production, transportation, and material moving occupations.","valid_values":["all","management_business_science_arts","service","sales_office","natural_resources_construction_maintenance","production_transportation_material_moving"],"example":"management_business_science_arts","unit":null,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":null,"key_metric_grain_contributor":true,"metric_component":null},{"name":"num_civilian_employed","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Civilian Employed","short_description":"Estimated civilian employed people 16+ in the citizenship category (the share's denominator).","description":"ACS 5-year estimate of the civilian employed population 16 years and over in the citizenship_status category (S0501 row 056, the published universe count), repeated on every occupation row of the group as the denominator of pct_of_civilian_employed. Survey estimate, not a full count - see num_civilian_employed_moe. Do not multiply it by the shares to rebuild occupation counts: the shares are rounded to 0.1 pp.","valid_values":null,"example":178596,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Never NULL in vintages 2020-2024: geographies the Census does not publish are dropped rather than served as NULL, and the source carries no annotation sentinel.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":"denominator"},{"name":"num_civilian_employed_moe","type":"integer","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Number Civilian Employed Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for num_civilian_employed, as published (integer persons). Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"count","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Controlled estimate: the Census fixed the value to an official total and publishes no sampling error for it. Every margin is present in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_of_civilian_employed","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Share of Civilian Employed","short_description":"Share of the group's civilian employed people working in the occupation group (0-1).","description":"Share of the citizenship_status group's civilian employed population 16+ working in the occupation group, on the 0-1 scale: the published percent (S0501 rows 061-065, one decimal) divided by 100 and rounded to four decimals. The five occupation groups sum to 1 within 0.003. On the occupation 'all' row the value is 1.0 by construction (the universe row publishes no share). Served as published, never recomputed from counts; a value impossible on the scale would be NULLed and recorded (none in 2020-2024).","valid_values":null,"example":0.326,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Never NULL in vintages 2020-2024: geographies the Census does not publish are dropped rather than served as NULL. A NULL would mean a share the source published outside 0-100 (masked as impossible) or a new annotation sentinel.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null},{"name":"pct_of_civilian_employed_moe","type":"number","role":"metric","nullable":true,"label":"Percent of Civilian Employed Moe","short_description":"","description":"90 percent margin of error for pct_of_civilian_employed, on the same 0-1 scale: the published percentage-point margin divided by 100 and rounded to four decimals. NULL on the occupation 'all' row. Never the headline metric.","valid_values":null,"example":null,"unit":"proportion","value_min":null,"value_max":null,"null_meaning":"Not applicable on the occupation 'all' row: the share is 1 by construction and no sampling error is published for it. Every occupation-group row carries a margin in vintages 2020-2024.","key_metric_grain_contributor":false,"metric_component":null}],"key_metric":"pct_of_civilian_employed","numeric_filter_columns":["num_civilian_employed","num_civilian_employed_moe","pct_of_civilian_employed","pct_of_civilian_employed_moe"],"usage":"Star-schema fact table at state and county grain. Join the counties dimension on county_fips (NULL on state rows); district_code and tract_geoid are always NULL. Pin citizenship_status and occupation to one value each (both carry an 'all' total; citizenship_status is a hierarchy, never summed). Read directly with DuckDB over Parquet.","limitations":"County coverage is PARTIAL: the Census publishes this subject table only where the foreign-born population is large enough - in practice about 7,000 foreign-born residents (in every vintage each served county has at least 7,059 and each absent county at most 6,966, per foreign_born_population) - so just 20-24 of Georgia's 159 counties carry rows per vintage (22 in 2020, 20 in 2021, 23 in 2022, 24 in 2023 and 2024 - the larger metro Atlanta counties plus Chatham, Clarke, Columbia, Hall, Houston, Muscogee, Richmond, Whitfield and a few others). The other ~135 counties are absent, not zero, and the served set shifts slightly between vintages as counties cross the threshold; the state row is always present. citizenship_status is a hierarchy, not a partition: all = native + foreign_born and foreign_born = naturalized + noncitizen, so never sum across it. The ACS asks citizenship, not legal status: noncitizen covers lawful permanent residents, temporary visa holders, humanitarian migrants, and unauthorized migrants alike. Occupation shares are served as published (percents rounded to 0.1, converted to 0-1 proportions), so the five groups sum to 1 within 0.003 and must not be multiplied back into counts - reconstructed counts would carry false precision; num_civilian_employed is the published universe estimate. The occupation 'all' row is the universe row: its share is 1 by construction and it has no margin. ACS 5-year period estimates: the year column is the vintage END year and each estimate pools five years of survey responses (2024 = 2020-2024); consecutive vintages share about 80 percent of their sample, so the series is heavily smoothed - never difference overlapping vintages as if they were annual change. Estimates are survey-based and carry 90 percent margins of error (the *_moe columns, in the same units as their estimate); county share margins on the foreign_born, naturalized and noncitizen rows often run to several percentage points and can exceed 10 points, mostly on noncitizen rows (up to 20.2 points: Newton County's noncitizen service share in 2022 and 2024). Vintages 2020-2024 only. State and county geography only: district_code and tract_geoid are NULL on every row (the Census does not publish this table for census tracts or most school districts). No value is masked or suppressed in 2020-2024.","null_semantics":{"suppressed_to_null":false,"zero_is_real":true},"available_years":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"schema_hash":"8e84efb0a9c5001855369997371c192add5605ded643f4900e625fd1905faa27","tags":["census","u.s. census bureau, american community survey 5-year estimates, subject table s0501","occupation_by_nativity"],"granularity_description":"One row per year, county_fips, district_code, tract_geoid, citizenship_status, occupation (geography columns are NULL at higher aggregation levels).","example_queries":[{"description":"Latest year (2024), counties detail","query":"SELECT * FROM occupation_by_nativity WHERE year = 2024 LIMIT 100"},{"description":"Filter by citizenship_status = foreign_born","query":"SELECT * FROM occupation_by_nativity WHERE citizenship_status = 'foreign_born' AND year = 2024 LIMIT 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